三线建设时期高校迁建述论

On the Relocation of Colleges and Universities in the Period of the Third Front Construction

三线建设时期的高校迁建是一场备战导向下的高等教育资源大转移。大批分布在一线地区的高校通过多种方式搬迁至二、三线地区,对中国的高等教育空间布局产生了深远影响。三线建设"靠山、隐蔽、分散"的建设原则以及与特定工业基地相配套的布点方针等,决定了高校的迁建速度和选址位置。迁建高校克服各种困难,坚持自主建校,推进人才培养,形成了一系列高水平科研成果,产生了良好的溢出效应。尽管高校迁建造成了一定的损失,但在均衡教育资源分配、建设新的高等学府、促进所在城市发展、形成特殊的历史记忆等方面都发挥了独特作用。

The relocation of colleges and universities in the period of the Third Front construction was a great transfer of higher education resources under the guidance of war preparation.A large number of colleges and universities in the First Front areas moved to the Second Front and the Third Front areas through various ways which had a profound impact on the spatial layout of higher education in China.The overall progress of the Third Front construction,the construction principle of"relying on mountains,concealing and dispersing"and the distribution policy matching with specific industrial bases determined the relocation speed and location of colleges and universities.The relocation of colleges and universities overcame various difficulties,adhered to the independent construction of colleges and universities,promoted personnel training,and formed a series of high-level scientific research findings,resulting in a good spillover effect.Although the relocation of colleges and universities has caused some losses,it has played a unique role in balancing the distribution of educational resources,building new institutions of higher learning,promoting the development of the city and forming a special historical memory.