德国学前教育质量评价体系框架、特点及经验

The Framework,Characteristics and Experience of German Preschool Education Quality Evaluation System

德国从20世纪90年代末开始致力于探索以改进实践为导向的学前教育质量评价体系,该体系在不断发展及完善中逐步走向成熟。德国学前教育质量评价体系构建了由"导向质量""结构质量""过程质量"组成的质量模型整体框架,分为20个质量领域,通过六大指导视角以及七步走步骤全方面促进学前教育质量的提升,体现出关注幼儿发展、方案详尽严谨、指标设计精到、关注评价过程性和动态性等特点。构建国家学前教育质量评价基础,制定科学、可操作的评价工具,注重评价主体和评价方式的多元化以及关注评价的过程性和动态性是德国学前教育质量评价体系的重要经验。

Germany has been dedicated to exploring a practice-oriented pre-school education quality evaluation system since the late 1990s,a relatively mature pre-school education quality evaluation system has been gradually formed through continuous practice.It is a quality assessment model framework consisting of"oriented quality","structural quality"and"process quality",which is divided into 20 quality areas,six guiding perspectives and seven steps,for promoting the quality of preschool education.Concerning development of the children,German Pre-school Education Quality Evaluation System is detailed,rigorous,well-designed and focuses on the process and dynamics of evaluation.The practical experience of Germany’s pre-school education quality evaluation system is to build the national pre-school education quality evaluation foundation,develop scientific and operational evaluation tools,pay attention to the diversification of evaluation subjects and evaluation methods,and pay attention to the process and dynamics of evaluation.