人口老龄化与劳动力老化背景下中国老年人力资本存量与开发现状

Status of Population Ageing in China and Exploitation of Elderly-Population Capital

在人口老龄化和劳动力老化的背景下,老年人力资本是第二次人口红利的重要来源。数据显示,2000-2018年全国与各省人口老龄化水平均呈上升趋势,至2018年15个省份处于深度老龄化水平,上海成为稳定型老龄社会地区;2000年以来,中国劳动力老化水平有明显上升,辽宁省劳动力老化程度最高且增速较快。通过构建老年人力资本综合指数对CGSS 2010-2015年数据进行分析,发现中国老年人口的健康资本、知识技术资本、心理素质资本存量有所增长,老年人力资本综合指数稳中有增,老年人力资本结构有所优化并且开发潜力较大。但目前中国老年人力资本尚存在开发规模不足、层次较低、结构不合理等问题,需要继续探索多样化的老年人力资本开发途径,让有意愿有能力的老年人有机会继续发挥潜力。

In the context of population ageing and labor force ageing,elderly capital is an important source of the second demographic dividend.The data shows that the ageing level of the po-pulation in China and all provinces is on the rise from 2000 to 2018.15 provinces had become in-depth ageing areas by year 2018 and Shanghai has become a stable ageing society area.Since 2000,the ageing degree of China’s labor force has been deepening,and the ageing degree of Liaoning’s labor force is the highest and the growth rate is fast. Based on the analysis of CGSS data from 2010 to 2015,this study found that the stock of health capital,knowledge capital and psychological capital of the elderly population in China has been optimized,the comprehensive index of human capital for the elderly has increased steadily,and the structure of human capital for the elderly has been optimized while its development potential is great. However,there are still some problems in the development of elderly capital in China,such as in adequate scale,low level and unreasonable structure. We need to continue exploring diversified ways to develop human capital for the elderly,so that the elderly who have the will and ability have the opportunity to continue developing their potential.