内河航道溢油污染扩散漂移特性实验研究

Experimental study on characteristic of spread and transport of oil spill in inland waterway

随着我国内河大量水库的修建,航道条件大为改善后船舶密度明显增加,船舶海损事故多发,溢油污染风险日益突出。溢油污染会造成严重的生态破坏和巨大的经济损失,以往研究主要针对海洋溢油开展,内河航道溢油研究较少。内河溢油与海洋溢油的最大差别在于溢油环境不同,包括溢油水域边界和水流条件等方面,且研究多偏重数值模拟,实验研究相对较少。该文首先基于概化水槽溢油扩展静水实验,建立了油膜颜色-厚度关系;基于概化水槽溢油扩展漂移动水实验,建立了溢油油膜平均厚度、面积与时间的定量关系,即随着溢油扩展漂移的进行,溢油油膜的平均厚度与时间为乘幂关系,溢油面积与时间成线性相关,并对关系拟合公式中的相关参数进行分析。该实验结果及分析可为内河航道溢油扩散漂移研究提供一定的基础和依据。

With the construction of a large number of reservoirs in inland waterway,the ship density has increased significantly after the channel conditions have been greatly improved.Consequently,shipping accidents could occur more frequently,and the risk of oil spill pollution is increasingly prominent.Oil spill pollution could cause heavy ecological damage and severe economic lost.Previous studies mainly focused on marine oil spill,but few on inland waterway oil spills.The most obvious difference between inland waterway oil spill and marine oil spill is that the environment,including the boundary of waters,flow conditions and so on.And previous studies mainly were based on numerical simulation,while relatively less were based on the experimental method.In this paper,based on generalized flume experiment of spread and transport of oil spill,the fitting formulas between the grayscale and thickness of the oil film,the average thickness,area of the oil film and time have been set up,and the relevant parameters are analyzed in the relationship fitting formula.The average thickness and time of the oil spill film are exponentially related,and the oil spill area is linearly related to time.The experimental results and analysis can provide a certain basis for the study of spread and transport of oil spills in inland waterways.