海底有缆在线观测系统研究与应用综述

Review of the research and application of the submarine cable online observation system

获取高质量海洋观测数据是维护国家安全和权益、保障人类生存与可持续发展、应对全球气候变化、开发利用海洋资源、防灾减灾等的重要基础。随着海底观测技术的发展,海底有缆观测已成为地球观测的第三个平台。通过借鉴国内外海底观测网的成熟技术,设计研发单节点海底有缆在线观测系统,主要包含海底观测、电力信息传输和陆上人机交互信息管理等三个子系统,具有高度可扩展性,可根据监测需求集成安装常用的各类海洋观测仪器和水下高清摄像头,从而实现海洋环境和水下生物资源的原位、长期、连续、稳定的在线观测。研发的海底有缆在线观测系统构造简单、扩展性强、经济成本低,已广泛应用于山东省海洋牧场观测网的海洋生态环境和渔业资源、辽东湾的冬季海冰、海洋牧场与海上风电的融合效应、河流入海口水质、海上溢油等不同领域的业务化监测中,为我国海洋生态环境保护与修复、海洋资源开发利用、海洋防灾减灾等提供了高质量的科学数据支撑。海底有缆在线观测系统是业务化海洋在线观测技术领域里的创新研究,具有重要科学意义和广泛应用前景。

High-quality ocean observational data is an important foundation for safeguarding national security and rights,ensuring human survival and sustainable development,responding to global climate change,developing and utilizing marine resources,preventing and mitigating disasters,and so on.With the development of submarine observational technologies,cable observation has become a third platform for earth monitoring.Based on the mature technologies of submarine observation networks at home and abroad,a single-node cable online observation system has been designed and developed.It includes three subsystems:submarine observation,power and information transmission,and onshore human-machine interactive information management.According to the monitoring needs,various instruments and underwater high-definition cameras can be integrated to conduct in-situ,long-term,continuous,and stable online observation of the marine environment and underwater biological resources.The submarine cable online observation system has a simple structure,strong expandability,and low economic cost.Therefore,it has been used to construct the Marine Ranch Observation Network in Shandong Province to operationally monitor the marine ecological environment and fishery resources.It has also been widely applied for online monitoring of winter sea ice in Liaodong Bay,fusion effects of marine ranches and offshore wind power development,water quality at river estuaries,and oil spills at sea.These online observations provide continuous,high-quality scientific data for marine ecological and environmental protection and restoration,resource development and utilization,and disaster prevention and mitigation.The submarine cable online observation system is an innovative research development in the field of commercial ocean online observational technology,and carries important scientific significance and broad application prospects.