鱼类生殖细胞移植技术研究及进展

Fish germ cell transplantation technology:Research and progress

鱼类生殖干细胞具有多向分化潜能,作为供体细胞移入同种或异种受体,在受体内迁移、定居、增殖、分化、成熟,产生供体来源功能性配子和后代,称为鱼类生殖细胞移植。作为一项辅助生殖技术,与冷冻保存技术相结合,已经在多种鱼类上进行研究。经过十几年的发展,鱼类生殖细胞移植技术逐渐成熟,目前已经建立了原始生殖细胞、精原细胞、卵原细胞作为供体细胞,囊胚胚胎、孵化幼鱼、成鱼为受体的移植体系。生殖细胞移植技术未来将在濒危物种保护、代理养殖、干细胞诱导分化等方面发挥重要作用。本文总结分析了目前已经报道的鱼类生殖干细胞移植技术,以及鱼类生殖干细胞移植存在的问题和未来发展方向。

Fish germ stem cells have the potential for multi-directional differentiation.As donor cells,they are transplanted into allogeneic or xenogeneic receptors,after which they migrate,proliferate colonize,differentiate,and mature in the recipient fish to produce donor-derived gametes,in a process called fish germ-cell transplantation.As an assisted reproductive technology,it has been studied on a variety of fish in combination with combined with cryopreservation technology.After more than ten years of development,fish germ-cell transplantation technology has gradually matured.At present,a transplant system has been established in which primordial germ cells,spermatogonia,and oogonia are used as donor cells,and blastula-stage embryos,newly hatched larvae and sexually mature specimens act as recipients.Germ-cell transplantation technology will play an important role in the protection of endangered species,surrogate breeding,stem cell-induced differentiation,and other aspects in the future.In this paper,we perform a brief review of the fish-cell transplantation technology that has been reported so far,a preliminary analysis of its technical characteristics,and then point out the problems of fish germ-cell transplantation and explore the future directions for its development.