FDI对中国农业企业创新溢出效应的分解--基于吸收能力的门槛回归分析

Disentangling FDI Innovation Spillovers to Chinese Agricultural Firms——A Threshold Regression Analysis Based on Absorptive Capacity

本文利用1998—2013年中国农业企业数据库,从微观角度考察了外商直接投资(FDI)对国内农业创新的溢出效应,同时详细考察了溢出效应的6个渠道,通过建立门槛模型对各渠道吸收能力的门槛值进行了测算,还比较了不同类型外商投资企业和不同地理位置FDI溢出效应的差异。结果表明:FDI对国内农业企业创新存在显著为负的后向溢出效应、逆向溢出效应和正向人员流动效应,且吸收能力较强的企业更易从FDI溢出中获益;相较于外商独资企业,中外合资企业对国内农业企业创新的溢出效应更显著,省内外商投资企业也更易对国内农业企业产生溢出效应。因此,政府应鼓励合资企业的建立,同时激励企业进行自主创新,加强人员培训,提高吸收能力。吸收能力较弱的国内农业企业可以通过吸引外商投资企业员工来提高创新水平,而吸收能力较强的国内农业企业可以选择从上游外商投资企业购买高质量投入品来获得创新溢出效应。

This paper analyzed the spillover of foreign direct investment(FDI)on domestic firms’innovation and decomposed it into six channels using the panel data of Chinese agricultural firms from 1998 to 2013.We calculated the threshold value of the absorptive capacity by establishing a threshold model,and compared the FDI spillover from foreign firms in various types and geographical locations.The results indicate that FDI has significant adverse demonstration effects,backward spillovers,supply-backward spillovers,and positive labor turnover effects on domestic agricultural firm innovation,and firms with stronger absorptive capacity are more likely to benefit from FDI spillovers.Besides,joint ventures have more significant spillovers on the innovation of domestic agricultural firms compared with wholly foreign-owned firms,while foreign firms in the same province are more likely to generate spillovers on domestic agricultural firms.Hence,the government should encourage the establishment of joint ventures,inspire domestic agricultural firms to conduct independent innovation,and strengthen personnel training to enhance their absorptive capacity.Domestic agricultural firms with weak absorptive capacity should increase their innovation level by attracting employees from foreign firms,while firms with strong absorptive capacity should obtain innovation spillovers by purchasing high-quality inputs from upstream foreign firms.