河南董寨寿带鸟繁殖生态及雌雄个体形态类型

Breeding Ecology and Female and Male Morphological Types of Amur Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone incei in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province

寿带(Terpsiphone incei)是雀形目王鹟科的鸟类,在我国大部分地区均有分布。以往研究曾对我国部分地区寿带的繁殖习性进行了报道,但对其雌雄个体的形态类型缺少描述。为进一步了解寿带的繁殖习性及其雌雄个体的形态类型,本研究于2014至2017年每年的5至7月在河南董寨国家级自然保护区对其进行了观察。观察发现,寿带在董寨国家级自然保护区一般于5月下旬开始筑巢繁殖,雌雄亲鸟均参与筑巢、孵卵和育雏。寿带巢多位于刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)等几种植物上,平均窝卵数(±SD)为(3.8±0.6)枚(n=25巢),孵卵期12~13 d(n=4巢),各巢卵的平均孵化率(±SD)为91.7%±17.7%(n=9巢),窝雏数(±SD)为(3.6±0.8)只(n=19巢),巢内育雏期约10 d,巢成功率为34.5%(n=29巢),弃巢和天敌捕食是巢失败的主要原因。寿带雌鸟具有栗色短尾型和栗色长尾型2种形态,而雄鸟具有栗色长尾型、白色长尾型和栗色短尾型3种常见形态,且雄鸟以栗色长尾型所占比例最高,为69.4%(n=36巢)。此外还记录到1只栗色身体但具有白色长尾羽的雄鸟。本研究的结果有助于进一步了解寿带的繁殖习性及其雌雄个体的形态类型。

The Amur Paradise-Flycatcher(Terpsiphone incei)is a bird species belonging to the family Monarchinae of the Passeriformes and is broadly distributed across most part of China.Previous studies have reported its reproductive habits in some areas of China,however,the morphological types of male and female individuals are lack of description.For the purpose of better understanding its breeding ecology and morphological types,we conducted a study on the Amur Paradise-Flycatcher in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve of Henan Province between 2014 and 2017.From May to July of each year,we located their nests and tracked their breeding activities by regular checking the nests.Both parents were found to attend nest construction,incubation and nestling provisioning.At our study area,the species usually started nest construction in late May and nests were mostly placed on plants such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus acutissima.Clutch size were 3.8±0.6(±SD,same below;n=25 nests)and incubation period were 12﹣13 d(n=4 nests).Average hatching success of the nests was 91.7%±17.7%(n=9 nests)and mean brood size was 3.6±0.8(n=19 nests).Nestlings were fed by parents for about 10 days before fledging.Nesting success were 35.5%(n=29 nests)with nest abandonment and predation being the major reason for nest failure.We found there were two types of female morphs,namely,rufous-coloured and short-tailed female,and rufous-coloured and long-tailed female,and three types of male morphs,namely,rufous-coloured and long-tailed male,white-coloured and long-tailed male,and rufous-coloured and short-tailed male(Table 1,Fig.2).The rufous-coloured and long-tailed males were most common,occurring in 69.4%of the nests(n=36).In addition,we recorded a case of a male with a rufous-coloured body but a long white tail(Fig.3).These results will contribute to the understanding of the breeding habits and morphological patterns of Amur Paradise-Flycatchers.