卫星跟踪河北猎隼的秋季迁徙路线

Autumn Migration Route of a Saker Falcon by Satellite Tracking in Hebei Province

猎隼(Falco cherrug)是国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物,IUCN物种红色名录濒危物种。为探究猎隼的迁徙规律,2018年9月26日在河北省保定市成功为1只猎隼佩戴了卫星追踪器,对其迁徙活动进行了跟踪。此猎隼个体的秋季迁徙路线涉及河北省、内蒙古自治区、山西省、陕西省、甘肃省、青海省6个省区,自东向西迁徙,越冬地为甘肃省白银市平川区。迁飞过程分为三个阶段,即放飞阶段、游荡期和迁飞期,三个阶段的飞行距离分别为297.62 km、1129.69 km和2040.9 km。此猎隼个体每天的飞行时段为(7:33±2:01)时到(18:12±1:09)时,即在白天飞行。平均日飞行时间为(10.44±1.76)h,一天中平均飞行速度有三个高峰,分别为9:00、14:00和18:00时。迁飞过程中的平均飞行速度为(45.77±20.88)km/h,平均日飞行距离(188.65±113.90)km。此猎隼个体在越冬地晚间没有固定的休息点,休息地的海拔在1500~2000 m的位点较多,90%的活动区域面积为85.5 km2。2019年3月7日发现此猎隼个体被电死并悬挂在一根电线杆上,漏电电线杆是猎隼栖息的死亡陷阱。

The Saker Falcon(Falco cherrug)is a national level II key protected wild animal,and listed as an endangered species by IUCN.One Saker Falcon was successfully equipped with a satellite tracker on September 26,2018 in Baoding City,Hebei Province.The bird’s migration route involved six provinces and regions of Hebei Province,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Shanxi Province,Shanxi Province,Gansu Province and Qinghai Province,with the direction from east to west,and finally arrived at its wintering area of Pingchuan District,Baiyin City of Gansu Province.The migration process is divided into three stages,namely release stage,wandering period and migration period.The flight distances of each stage are 297.62 km,1129.69 km and 2040.9 km respectively(Fig.1).According to our analysis of the satellite tracking data,the bird flew during daytime and its daily flight time was 7:33±2:01 to 18:12±1:09,with the average of 10.44±1.76 h.There were three peaks of average flight speeds in a day,being 9:00,14:00 and 18:00 respectively(Fig.2).In the whole migration process,the average flight speed was 45.77±20.88 km/h,with the average daily flight distance was 188.65±113.90 km.The bird did not have a fixed place to rest at night in the winter.The altitude of resting place was 1500﹣2000 m,and 90%of the home range size was 85.5 km2.On March 7,2019,it was found that the bird was electrocuted and hung on a telegraph pole.The electric leakage of telegraph poles could be the death traps for the Saker Falcon and other birds(Fig.3).