两栖动物性染色体的多样性及其进化机制的研究进展

Advances in the Diversity and Evolution Mechanism of Sex Chromosomes in Amphibians

两栖动物性别决定类型和性染色体具有多样性的特点。在已发现异形性染色体两栖动物中,大部分物种Y或W染色体大于其对应的X或Z染色体,少数物种具有高度分化的Y或W染色体。同时两栖动物类群内基因组大小差异大,性染色体间分子水平上也存在差异。高频转换、偶然重组和染色体重排可能是两栖动物性染色体进化过程中的关键机制。本综述通过对两栖动物性染色体进化的深入探讨,揭示其遗传性别决定的机理,有助于对两栖动物性别人工调控的进一步探索。

The sex determination types and sex chromosomes of amphibians are characterized by diversity.Among the amphibians in which heteromorphic chromosomes have been found,most species have Y or W chromosomes larger than their corresponding X or Z chromosomes,and a few species have highly differentiated Y or W chromosomes.At the same time,the genome size of amphibians varies greatly,and there are also molecular differences between sex chromosomes.High-frequency turnover,accidental recombination,and chromosomal rearrangement may be key mechanisms in the evolution of sexual chromosomes in amphibians.The review reveals the mechanism of genetic sex determination through in-depth discussion of the evolution of sex chromosomes in amphibians,which is helpful for further exploration of artificially controlling the sex of amphibians.