“水下风车”发电开发现状及前景探讨

Current Situation and Prospect of“Underwater Windmill”Power Generation Development

近年来,可再生能源开发利用获得了突飞猛进的发展,主要以风电及太阳能发电为代表。潮流能发电作为可再生能源利用的一种,也越来越被重视。潮流能主要利用水轮机发电,发电方式类似于风电,被形象成为水下风车。潮流能的能量密度较高,约为风能的4倍,太阳能的30倍。本文对海上潮流能发电的特点、发展现状、主要发电结构装置结构的技术特点、面临的问题等方面进行了探讨,认为海上潮流能蕴藏量巨大,极具开发前景,全世界海洋能理论可再生量超过7.66×1011kW;我国目前在潮流能发电已经取得一些突破性进展,研发出世界首台应用270°变桨发电机组,实现了双向海流能量高效捕获,使潮流能发电技术进入产业化应用新阶段。但由于海上潮流能发电属于特殊的海洋工程,目前性价比尚未达最优等,能量转换效率及技术可靠性还有待进一步提高。未来可以借鉴海上风电和其他海洋工程设计的理论和经验,持续加以关注。

In recent years,the development and utilization of renewable energy has made rapid progress,mainly represented by wind power and solar power.As a kind of renewable energy,tidal power generation has been paid more and more attention.Tidal current energy mainly uses hydraulic turbines to generate electricity,which is similar to wind power,and is image as an underwater windmill.The energy density of tidal current energy is higher,about 4 times that of wind energy and 30 times that of solar energy.In this paper,the characteristics,development status,technical characteristics and problems of Offshore Tidal power generation are discussed.It is believed that the Offshore Tidal power has huge reserves and great development prospects.The theoretical renewable amount of ocean energy in the world exceeds 7.66×1011kW.At present,China has made some breakthroughs in tidal power generation,and has developed the world's first.The 270°pitch converter unit is used in the power station to realize the efficient capture of bidirectional ocean current energy,which makes the power generation technology of tidal current energy enter a new stage of industrial application.However,due to the special offshore engineering of tidal current power generation,the performance-price ratio has not yet reached the optimal level,so the energy conversion efficiency and technical reliability need to be further improved.In the future,we can draw on the theory and experience of offshore wind power and other offshore engineering design,and continue to pay attention to it.