美国选拔性高校综合评价机制的形成及其启示

The Formation and Enlightenment of the Comprehensive Evaluation Mechanism at Selective Colleges and Universities in the United States

美国选拔性高校综合评价招生机制形成于20世纪60—70年代。在经历17世纪至20世纪初以学业成绩决定录取资格、20世纪20年代强调素质特长、20世纪30—40年代SAT考试被正式引入作为录取依据后,随着SAT、ACT标准化考试的普及,少数族裔倾斜政策的确立,多样化的综合评价成为美国选拔性高校共同且重要的招生目标。美国选拔性高校综合评价机制的形成是一个受时代和社会环境影响、基于自身理念和需求变化的动态发展过程,对我国高校推进综合评价录取有重要启思。

Comprehensive evaluation mechanism is widely used to craft a freshman class in undergraduate admissions at American selective colleges and universities. After undergoing different stages, including admissions qualification being determined by academic achievements from 17 th century to the early 20 th century, personal character and specialty being emphasized at 1920 s, SAT being officially applied as one consideration factor at1930 s to 1940 s, and along with the universal application of standardized admissions tests, the establishment of preferential policy for ethnic minorities, and diversity becoming the common and important admissions goal, the mechanism was formed at 1960 s to 1970 s and still pretty much in use today. The evolution process at American selective colleges and universities, is a dynamic process being influenced by times and social environment and giving response based on institutional ideal and needs simultaneously, and thus can offer important enlightenments to the promotion of diversified admissions mechanism at universities in China.