基于两段式收获工艺的花生起收机设计与试验

Design and experimental of peanut digger based on two-stage harvesting process

针对我国新疆地区花生种植的模式,考虑到现有机具适应性差的问题,结合花生收获农艺需求,研制一种可有序铺放的花生起收机,该机具主要由机架、挖掘铲、升运链、振动装置和铺放装置组成。振动装置中振动轮采用3个直径为80 mm的橡胶轮依次排列,排列间距为120 mm,铺放装置中两铺放对辊的间距区间为100~200 mm;机具可一次性完成花生的挖掘输送、振动去土和有序铺放等作业。采用正交试验法对机具关键部件性能进行田间试验,确定试验参数的较优组合。试验结果表明该机在升运链轮转速100 r/min,对辊间距150 mm,机具行走速度为1 km/h的条件下具有较优的性能,其总损失率为2.4%,带土率为13.6%,有序铺放率为80.4%,作业质量满足花生收获农艺需求,为新疆地区花生机械化收获的发展提供一定借鉴。

According to the model of peanut planting in Xinjiang,considering the poor adaptability of existing machinery and the agronomic demand of peanut harvesting,a peanut digger machine was developed,which was mainly arranged by framework,digging shovel,webbed chain,vibration device and placement device.In the vibration device,the vibration wheels were arranged in sequence with three rubber wheels with a diameter of 80 mm,the arrangement interval was 120 mm.The interval between the two laying rollers in the placement device was 100~200 mm.The machine could complete the excavation and transportation of peanuts,vibrating soil removal and orderly placement.The field test was carried out on the performance of key components of the machine by orthogonal test method to determine the optimal combination of test parameters.The test results showed that the machine had a speed of 100 r/min for the lifting sprocket,a pitch of 150 mm for the roller,and a walking speed of 1 km/h.Under the condition,it had better performance,the total loss rate was 2.4%,the soiling rate was 13.6%,and the ordering rate was 80.4%.The operation quality meets the agronomic requirements of peanut harvesting,which provides some reference for the development of peanut mechanized harvesting in Xinjiang.