艾比湖湿地不同水淹条件下土壤养分变化研究

Changes of Soil Nutrients in Ebinur Lake Wetland under Different Flooding Conditions

为探明不同水淹条件对艾比湖湿地土壤养分含量的影响,文章以其东南部为研究区,根据遥感影像图将研究区划分为经常性水淹区、季节性水淹区、无湖水淹没区,对其研究区内27个采样点的81个土样中有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量进行分析,揭示不同水淹条件下土壤养分的变化。研究表明:(1)研究区内土壤有机碳、速效磷、速效钾变异程度较高,属于中等变异。距湖远近影响下,含量逐渐增加,且变幅较大。各指标含量大小分别为无湖水淹没区>经常性水淹区>季节性水淹区;(2)垂直梯度上各指标含量呈现为0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm,即随着土壤深度的不断增加,土壤有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量随之减少。表层变化明显,土壤深度越深,含量变化幅度逐渐变小。(3)水分是影响土壤养分含量空间异质性的重要因素之一,空间分布上距离湖面越远,受到水淹条件影响越小,土壤养分含量会越多。各指标条带状较明显,含量自西南向东北呈逐渐增加趋势。(4)经常性水淹区水分与有机碳呈不显著正相关,与速效磷、速效钾呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。季节性水淹区水分与有机碳、速效磷、速效钾呈显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.01)负相关。无湖水淹没区水分与有机碳、速效磷、速效钾均呈显著和极显著负相关。

In order to understand the influence of different flooding conditions on the soil nutrient content of Ebinur Lake wetland,the southeast of the Lake wetland is taken as the study area.According to the remote sensing image,the study area is divided into regular flooding area,seasonal flooding area and lake free flooding area.The content of organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium in 81 soil samples from 27 sampling points is analyzed,and it is revealed that there are different flooded strips for changes of soil nutrients.The results showed that the variation degree of soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium in the study area was high,belonging to medium variation.According to the influence of the distance and distance of the lake,the content increased in waves with a large range.The content of each index is ranked as no lake water flooded area>frequent flooded area>seasonal flooded area.The content of each index on the vertical gradient is 0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm,that is,with the increase of soil depth,the content of soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium decreases.The deeper the soil depth is,the smaller the change range of content is.Water is one of the important factors that affect the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrient content.The farther away from the lake in spatial distribution,the smaller the flooded condition,the more soil nutrient content.The content of each index increased from southwest to northeast.There was no significant positive correlation between water content and organic carbon,but significant negative correlation between water content and available P and available K(p<0.05).There was significant(p<0.05)and extremely significant(p<0.01)negative correlation between water content and organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium.There was a significant and extremely significant negative correlation between water content and organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium.