火星探测天线组阵数据接收技术研究和验证实验

Research and Verification Experiments of Data Receiving Technologies Based on Antenna Arraying for Mars Exploration of China

为了满足我国首次火星探测任务的需要,确保探测器有效载荷科学数据的顺利下传,将采用天线组阵的方式进行数据接收。天线组阵数据接收技术在航天工程中的应用国内尚属首次,为此开展了信号合成方法和处理流程的研究,提出了利用模型计算和基于科斯塔斯环的搜索估计相结合的初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法。利用现有的密云站50 m天线和昆明站40 m天线,以嫦娥3号着陆器数传信号为实验对象,开展了天线组阵与数据接收技术检验实验。研究和实验结果表明,全频谱合成方法优于符号流合成方法,其合成损耗小于等于0.45 dB,可用于我国首次火星探测任务天线组阵的信号合成;初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法可提高广域组阵信号互相关的搜索效率;所确定的信号合成技术流程和数据处理方法可用于后续信号合成软硬件设备的研制和开发。

In order to meet the requirements of the massive scientific data,the downlink data transmission will be performed using an antenna array in the Mars exploration of China.The application of data receiving using antenna arraying technology in space exploration engineering is the first time in China.The method and processing flow of the signal combining are studied,and the fast estimating method of the initial delay and Doppler frequency difference based on model calculation and Costas phase-locked loop is presented.The verification experiments of the data receiving technologies based on antenna arraying are carried out by receiving the signal of Chang’e-3(CE-3)Lander of China Lunar Exploration Program,using the 50 m antenna of the Miyun Station and the 40 m antenna of the Kunming Station.The research and experiments show that the full spectrum combining loss is less than or equal to 0.45 dB.The full spectrum combining method is superior to the symbol stream combining method and more suitable for antenna arraying in the Mars exploration of China.The presented fast estimating method of the initial delay and Doppler frequency difference can improve the search efficiency of the long baseline cross-correlation.The determined data processing method of the signal combining can be used in the development of hardware and software equipment for Mars exploration.