水产养殖中抗生素使用存在问题及改进措施

Existing Problems and Improving Measures of Using Antibiotics in Aquiculture

水产养殖为人类提供安全、可靠、经济的食品,已成为世界上蓬勃发展的产业,而抗生素在水产养殖中被广泛用于疾病的防治。水产养殖中使用的抗生素80%以上最终残留在水环境中,对细菌的选择性压力增大,通过突变或水平基因转移引起细菌对抗生素的耐药性,进而改变水环境的生物多样性。该文主要论述抗生素在水产养殖中的浓度、分布、存在问题及耐药性,并制定相应的改进措施,以减少抗生素在水产养殖系统中的使用。

Aquaculture provides safe,reliable and economic food for human beings,and has become a booming industry in the world.Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of diseases in aquaculture.More than 80%of the antibiotics used in aquaculture are left in the aquatic environment,and the selective pressure on bacteria increases,causing bacterial resistance to antibiotics through mutation or horizontal gene transfer,and change the biodiversity of the water environment.In this paper,the concentration,distribution,problems and resistance of antibiotics in aquaculture were discussed,and corresponding improvement measures were made to reduce the use of antibiotics in aquaculture system.