新时代应急测绘保障技术体系框架设计

Emergency Surveying and Mapping Technical Framework in the New Era

应急测绘保障工作是中国综合防灾减灾工作体系的重要组成部分,在重大自然灾害及突发事件处置中的作用日益凸显。应急测绘保障工作存在现场信息快速获取能力不足、数据处理系统快速反应能力不强、应需服务能力不够、无法充分快速共享应急地理信息等问题。根据应急测绘保障工作的特点,基于国家应急测绘保障能力建设项目成果,提出了新时代应急测绘保障技术体系的总体思路和总体框架,实现对灾害现场信息"看得清、传得快、用得好",并阐述了主要环节的关键技术进展,展望了其在地质灾害防治中的应用。

Objectives:China is one of the countries most affected by natural disasters.The emergency surveying and mapping is an important part of the comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation system in China.It plays an increasingly prominent role in the response system for the major natural disasters and emergencies.However,series of problems are still existing,such as lacking of capacity in the rapid acquirement of field information,lacking of rapid response of data processing.Also,given the emergency response relies on the on-demand service,it faces difficulties on efficiently sharing of geographical information with stakeholder.Thus,it is urgent to improve capacity of rapid geo-informatics support in order to build an efficient and scientific nature hazard rapid response system.Methods:We propose a technology framework and system architecture of national emergency surveying and mapping.It consists of four key techniques,including:(1)Space-Air-Ground integration observation network,to acquire disaster information and multi-sensors collaborative observation for various disaster emergence response needs;(2)high performance computing and artificial intelligence techniques,which can greatly improve the efficiency of massive data processing;(3)geographic information based on cloud platform,which can provide on-demand service to stakeholder;(4)multi-hazard mapping knowledge that can be comprehensively expressed and distributed crossing multiple media carriers.Results:Based on the national emergency surveying and mapping capacity developing program,the outcome of this research covers four aspects in order to improve emergence response capabilities.They are:(1)the capability of obtaining latest disaster information using remote sensing technology;(2)the capability of on-site surveying and investigating;(3)the capability of sharing emergency spatial information;and(4)the capability of supporting emergency management and decision.Conclusions:The program motivated from the national emergency response and disaster relief demands for efficient geographic information service.It integrates state-of-art information technology such as cloud computing,artificial intelligence and block chain.It meets the need of multiple emergency response stages,including disaster monitoring and early-warning,disaster assessment,emergency rescue,and post-disaster reconstruction,the relevant technologies include geo-information acquisition,processing and analysis efficiently.