中国现代文学研究的范式危机:美国学界的论争及其反思

Paradigm Crisis in the Study of Modern Chinese Literature:Debates and Reflections in American Academic Circle

20世纪80年代以来,欧洲和北美学界在人文与社会科学领域掀起的理论革命强烈冲击了原有的文学研究模式,深刻影响了人文学术的版图以及学术体制的变革。1993年刘康等学者在美国《近代中国》杂志发起关于中国现代文学研究范式危机的论争,集中反映了美国的中国学内部关于文学研究的方法论冲突以及人文学科之间的断裂与调整。该论争的主要话题是:中国马克思主义文艺批评与西方左翼的比较研究、文学的政治属性、西方文论的中国问题、人文学科关系的断裂、批评理论与新批评的矛盾以及文学研究与理论的关系。回顾与反思美国的现代中国文学研究的内在逻辑及其分歧,可以为国内的文学研究者打开国际对话的窗口,并且在新的历史条件下和新的思想语境中继续深化有关核心命题的探索。

Since 1980s,the theoretical revolution in humanities and social sciences in Europe and North America has strongly impacted the original mode of literary research and profoundly influenced the layout of humanities and the reform of academic system.In 1993,Liu Kang and other scholars launched a debate on the paradigm crisis of modern Chinese literature research in the American journal Modern China.This debate reflected the methodological conflict and the rupture and adjustment between disciplines of literature research within American Sinology.The main topics of this debate are:the comparative study on Chinese Marxist literary criticism and the Western left wing,the political nature of literature,the Chinese problem in Western literary theories,the rupture of disciplinary relations,the contradiction between critical theory and new criticism,and the relationship between literary research and theory.Reviewing and reflecting on the internal logic and differences in the study of modern Chinese literature in the United States can help open a window of international dialogue for domestic literary researchers and deepen the exploration of core propositions in the new historical conditions and ideological context.