2011至2018年广州市职业性噪声聋新诊断病例的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of occupational noise deafness in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2018

目的分析2011至2018年广州市职业性噪声聋新诊断病例的流行病学特征,为制定噪声聋防控策略提供科学依据。方法于2019年3月,以整群抽样方法,查阅2011至2018年广州市职业病防治院职业性噪声聋诊断档案,以471例次职业性噪声聋诊断申请者档案为调查资料,采用频数和构成比进行其流行病学特征的统计学分析。结果广州市2011至2018年职业性噪声聋诊断申请共471例次,有211例次诊断为职业性噪声聋(44.8%,211/471)。新诊断病例以轻度(83.9%,177/211)为主,高发年龄为40.0~49.0岁(41.7%,88/211),高发工龄为5.0~9.9年(38.9%,82/211),男性(88.6%,187/211)居多。新诊断病例主要集中地区为南沙区(23.2%,49/211)、黄埔区(22.7%,48/211)和番禺区(21.8%,46/211);主要集中行业为制造业(82.0%,173/211)。企业的经济类型多为内资企业(40.8%,86/211),企业规模以中型(42.7%,90/211)为主。结论广州市职业性噪声聋新诊断病例虽多为轻度噪声聋,依然需要引起重视,加强噪声行业防护教育。

Objective To provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategies of noise-induced deafness,to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the occupational noise-induced deafness diagnostic applicants in Guangzhou city during 2011-2018.Methods In March 2019,by consulting the occupational disease diagnosis records,we investigated the distribution of all 471 occupational noise-induced deafness diagnostic applicants in Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center from 2011 to 2018.Frequency and constituent ratio were used to describe the distribution.Results From 2011 to 2018,there were 471 cases of occupational noise-induced deafness diagnostic applicants and 211 of the applicants were diagnosed as occupational noise-induced deafness(44.8%,211/471).The new cases were mainly mild(83.9%,177/211),with the predilection age of 40.0-49.0 years old(41.7%,88/211)and the predilection seniority of 5.0-9.9 years(38.9%,82/211).Among the new cases,there were mainly males(88.6%,187/211).Most of the new cases were distributed in Nansha district(23.2%,49/211),Huangpu district(22.7%,48/211)and Panyu district(21.8%,46/211).Besides,in terms of industry distribution,they were concentrated in manufacturing industry(82.0%,173/211).The scale of enterprises was mainly medium-sized(42.7%,90/211),and the most of their economic type was domestic-funded(40.8%,86/211).Conclusion Although most of the newly diagnosed cases of occupational noise deafness in Guangzhou are mild,they still need to be paid attention to and strengthen the noise industry protection education.