谷草与玉米秸秆黄贮不同配比饲粮对西门塔尔牛屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of different ratios of millet straw and corn straw silage in diets on slaughter performance and meat quality of Simmental Cattle

为了研究谷草与玉米秸秆黄贮不同配比饲粮对肉牛屠宰性能、肉品质与经济效益的影响,试验选取体重相近[(440.89±38.49)kg]、体况良好的西门塔尔杂交牛45头,随机分为3组(试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组),每组15头,分别饲喂谷草与玉米秸秆黄贮不同配比(1∶9,2∶8,3∶7)的日粮(精料补充料及精粗比相同),饲养100 d(预试期10 d,正试期90 d),试验结束后每组随机选择接近平均体重的5头试验牛屠宰,测定屠宰指标、肉品质指标、肉常规营养指标、脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明:各组试验牛胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ组牛各项屠宰指标与Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组相比均有所提高。随着谷草比例的增加,肉色中红度值逐渐降低,Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低13.10%和9.77%(P<0.05);各试验组间牛肉的pH值、剪切力值、失水率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组牛背最长肌中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着谷草比例的升高,SFA、PUFA有下降的趋势,MUFA有上升的趋势。从养殖效益来分析,以Ⅱ组牛最高,为3 471.83元/头,比Ⅰ组高879.55元/头,比Ⅲ组高999.11元/头。说明可以用20%的谷草来替代玉米秸秆黄贮,且肉牛屠宰性能与肉品质有所改善,经济效益最好。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different ratios of millet straw and corn straw silage in diets on slaughter performance, meat quality of Simmental Cattle and economic benefits. Forty-five healthy Simmental crossbred cattle [(440.89±38.49)kg] were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group had 15 Simmental crossbred cattle. Diets fed with different ratios of millet straw and corn straw silage(1∶9, 2∶8, 3∶7)(concentrates and concentrate-to-roughness ratio were the same). The feeding experimental for 100 days(pre-feeding period was 10 days, formal period was 90 days). At the end of the experiment, five experimental cattle close to the average body weight were randomly selected for slaughter in each group. Slaughtering index, meat quality index, meat routine index, fatty acid composition and content were determined. The results showed that: There was no significant difference in carcass weight, slaughter rate and net meat rate among the three groups(P>0.05), but the slaughter indicators of group Ⅱ were better than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ. The meat flesh a* gradually decreased with the increasing of the proportion of millet straw, group Ⅲ had a relative decrease of 13.10% and 9.77%(P<0.05) compared with group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. There was no significant difference in pH value, shear force value and water loss rate of beaf among the groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in SFA, PUFA and PUFA in the longest back muscle of bovine among the groups(P>0.05). With the increase of the proportion of millet straw, SFA and PUFA had a downward trend, MUFA had a rising trend. Considering the economic benefit, the group Ⅱ had the highest economic benefit, which was 879.55 yuan higher than group Ⅰ and 999.11 yuan higher than group Ⅲ. In summary, 20% millet straw can be used to replace corn straw silage, and the slaughter performance and meat quality have been improved in Simmental Cattle, and economic benefit was the best.