山东平度界山汉墓相关问题浅析

Primary Analysis on the Related Issues of the Han Tombs in Jieshan,Pingdu County Shandong Province

山东平度界山发现、发掘三座西汉墓葬,时代为西汉中期偏晚阶段,大致为宣元时期。M1未经盗扰,出土遗物丰富,有16面铜镜平铺在墓主上身,这是对墓主身上平铺玉璧或相关器物葬俗的模仿、借鉴和发展,反映出相应的丧葬目的与需求,也是西汉丧葬中以铜镜代替玉璧现象的体现。墓内出土的玉饰件等可复原为2套组合型玉饰,佩戴于墓主的左右两侧。M1南侧的二层台略高,陪葬品的内容和位置有相应要求,推测可能为祭台。平度界山的三座墓葬大致呈"品"字形分布,M1、M2距离较近,M2规模大,形制亦较复杂,为一侧有长斜坡墓道的竖穴岩坑墓,墓主应是西汉中期偏晚阶段的某代平度侯,M1为无墓道的竖穴岩坑墓,墓主与M2墓主为夫妻关系,即列侯夫人,M3距离二墓稍远,亦可能是无墓道的竖穴岩坑墓,墓主则可能是M1与M2墓主的儿子,而该处墓地应为这一代西汉平度侯家庭的墓地。

Three Western Han tombs in Jieshan,Shandong have been excavated,the age of which is at a later stage in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,roughly in the period of Emperor Xuan and Emperor Yuan.M1 has not been stolen and is abundant in unearthed relics.There are sixteen bronze mirrors laying on the body of the tomb owner,which is an imitation and reference of the burial custom of jade or related objects laid on the body.It reflects the corresponding funeral purpose and needs,and also reflects the phenomenon of replacing jade with bronze mirrors in the funeral of the Western Han Dynasty.The jade ornaments unearthed in the tomb can be restored into 2 sets of combined jade ornaments,which were worn on the left and right sides of the tomb owner.The secondary platform on the south side of M1 is slightly higher.The content and location of the funerary objects have corresponding requirements.It is presumed that it may be the altar.The three tombs in Jieshan are roughly distributed in the shape of"pin"character.M1 and M2 are close to each other.M2 is larger in scale and more complex in shape,as it is a vertical cave pit tomb with a long slope passage on one side,and the tomb owner of it should be one of the Pingdu Hou.M1 is a vertical cave pit tomb without a tomb passage,and the tomb owner should be the wife of Liehou.M3 is a little far away from the two tombs and the tomb owner may be the son of M1 and M2 tomb owners,and the cemetery should be the Pingdu Hou's family cemetery.