汉墓棺上置物葬俗的初步研究

The Primary Research on the Burial Custom of Placing Objects on the Coffin in the Han Dynasty

棺上置物是汉墓丧葬习俗表现形式之一,棺上置物的方式包括棺上包裹、棺上悬挂、棺顶覆盖、棺上抛撒以及棺上搁置物品。根据棺上放置物品形式及物品的不同,其功能与作用有所区分,涉及对棺椁的装饰与保护、显示荣誉、引导灵魂升仙、辟邪、祭祀以及一些特殊的葬俗及丧葬需求等内容。同时,汉墓棺上置物葬俗一方面体现对前代葬俗的继承,另一方面又据时代变化,内容有所丰富,其系统完整的丧礼及葬俗文化对后世影响深远。

Placing objects on coffin is one of the manifestations of burial customs in Han tombs.The ways of placing objects on coffin include wrapping,hanging,covering,throwing and shelving something on the coffin.According to the different forms and functions of objects,its functions are differentiated.It involves the decoration and protection of the coffin,the display of honor,the guidance of the soul to ascend to heaven,exorcism evil spirits,the sacrifice and some special funeral customs and funeral needs.On one hand,the burial custom of placing objects on coffin in the Han Dynasty embodies the inheritance of the burial custom of the previous dynasties.On the other hand,ac-cording to the changes of the times,the content is increasingly rich,and its systematic and complete funeral and burial custom culture has far-reaching influence on future generations.