泸夷与宋代泸州多民族地区的社会治理策略及其争论

The Debate between Luyi and Luzhou of the Song Dynasty on the Strategy of Social Governance in Multi-ethnic Areas

泸夷的存在,是宋代泸州地方社会治理特殊性的关键。在南宋中后期,以御戎为急,偏重边疆军事安全的地方治理策略成为官样文章中称颂泸州地方长官的一种政治文化传统。加强边境地区的兵备和镇抚边外的蛮夷,通常是宋代士大夫提到泸州时最容易联想到的政治文化意象。宋代泸州地位的上升,实质上依靠的是泸夷对川南社会影响力的强化。因此,其时泸州的地方治理就渐渐形成了不得不以“御戎为急”的大政方略。但部分士大夫则认为,泸州当局地方治理的方针策略偏离了儒家“阜民之政”的理想。从历史经验看,较之军事实力对川南少数民族各部的威慑作用,社会经济的发展亦是宋朝稳定西南不可或缺的要素。

The existence of Luyi was the key reason for the particularity of local social governance in Luzhou of the Song Dynasty. In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, " Yurongweiji",a local governance strategy with particular emphasis on frontier military security,was a traditional expression of praising Luzhou local governors in the political culture of officialdom. Strengthening the military strength in the border areas so that the barbarians outside the border dare not act rashly is the most commonly used political and cultural image used by the cultural elites in the Song Dynasty when they wrote about Luzhou. The upgrading of the military and political status of Luzhou in the Song Dynasty actually depended on the expansion of the influence of " Luyi" on southern Sichuan. Therefore,the policy of social governance of the local authorities in Luzhou had gradually formed the tradition of so-called " Yurongweiji". On the other hand,some cultural elites and officials believe that the local governance strategy of the authorities is wrong because as the local status is getting higher and higher and the local officials have more and more power,the local governance ideas are increasingly deviating from the Confucian ideal,which being called " fumingzhizheng". From the perspective of historical experience,compared with the deterrent effect of military strength on the ministries of ethnic minorities in southern Sichuan,the development of the social economy was also an indispensable element for the stability of the southwestern in the Song Dynasty.