从“贵族水路”看18世纪英国的工业化:经济转型中贵族作用的探研

British Industrialization during the Eighteenth Century in Perspective of“Aristocratic Waterways”:a Study on the Aristocratic Effect of Economic Transformation

18世纪英国出现内陆水运业的整体革新,此间贵族群体主导大量"水路"营造活动,其结果是给英国工业化带来很多助益。前期贵族对河道整修的运作给北方地区的工业化和城市发展提供很大支持,成为工业发展的保障。此后在贵族引领下,出现大规模运河修筑的现象,由此进一步推动工商业崛起。18世纪后期贵族又开始大规模进行港口建设活动,使港口与河道、运河一并形成完善的现代水路交通体系,成为英国本土工业经济的主要运输平台。贵族群体出于自身获利目的参与其间,其最终结果是促进英国整体经济转型的起步,为英国率先迈入工业文明奠定基础。

There was an overall innovation of inland waterways during the 18 th century in Britain,and many constructions were led by aristocracy. As a result,it has brought a lot of benefits to the start of British industrialization. Their early constructions have greatly supported industrialization and city development in the north and guaranteed the growth of industry. Late on,much has been invested in canal construction with the initiatives of aristocrats,and industry and trade have been on the rise due to it. In the second half of the 18 th century,aristocracy built a lot of ports and docks,which composed of a modern transportation system along with rivers and canals. It,therefore,became the British domestic industry’s major transportation platform. The aristocratic participation stemmed from profit-making purposes,but it promoted its overall economic transformation and laid the foundation for Britain to take the lead in industrial civilization.