指导理论背景下帮助行为影响因素研究:基于扎根理论的探索

The Explorative Study of Antecedents of Helping Behaviors Based on Mentoring Theory Using Grounded Theory

与以施助者动机为出发点的方法不同,指导理论根据对求助者产生的影响对帮助行为进行分类,其对行为后果的关注有助于解释该领域中出现的不一致性结论。然而,指导理论背景下帮助行为的产生机制尚不明晰。为了探索指导理论背景下帮助行为的影响因素,基于扎根理论研究方法,对25位受访者的半结构化访谈资料进行分析,通过开放性编码、主轴编码和选择性编码等步骤,构建指导理论背景下帮助行为影响因素模型。从施助者的视角出发,揭示了求助事项、求助者、施助者、领导者和组织等因素交互作用下指导性和替代性帮助行为的产生机理。在与现有研究成果对话的基础之上,提出相关研究命题,并由此指出未来研究建议:(1)对各类因素之间的动态交互关系进行检验;(2)从施助者-受助者二元关系出发解释帮助行为的有效性;(3)探讨指导理论背景下帮助行为对个体、团队和组织的消极影响。

Different from other theories focusing on benefactors’motivation,the Mentoring Theory classifies helping behaviors based on the influence on help-seekers contributing to the explanations for the inconsistent conclusions in this field.The antecedents of helping behavior based on the Mentoring Theory have not received enough attention.In order to explore the influence factors of helping behavior under the background of Mentoring Theory,a semistructured interview data of 25 respondents is analyzed in this article by using technologies(such as open coding,axial coding and selective coding)from the Grounded Theory.The model of the influencing factors of helping behavior based on the Mentoring Theory is constructed from the perspective of benefactor,which reveals the generating mechanism of mentoring and replacing helping behavior interacted among factors of help-seeking,helpseekers,benefactors,leaders and organizations.The propositions and directions of future research are put forward based on the comparison between the model and literature review:(1)the dynamic interaction among various factors should be tested;(2)the effectiveness of helping behavior can be explained better from the perspective of the binary relationship between the benefactor and the help-seeker;(3)the dark sides of helping should be on the agenda.