稷园当展狂——中山公园美术展览与北京画坛早期艺术生态的形成(1914-1937)

Exhibition Fever in the Altar of Grain and Soil: Art Exhibitions in Zhongshan Park and the Formation of Early Art Ecology in Beijing(1914-1937)

中山公园是民初北京市政工程运动中最早诞生的城市公共空间,后成为京派美术展览活动的中心。从民国成立到全面抗战爆发前的中山公园见证了美术展览、社团、院校、画报的萌芽和发展,其后由于国民政府执政,北平政治优势不再,园内美展逐渐商业化,孕育了职业艺术家,也失去了转向美术馆的契机。本文意在考察中山公园这一北京画坛早期艺术生态形成过程中的特定空间,去呈现其内各主体的关系和演进,以此探讨中国美术走向现代的一个侧面。

The Zhongshan Park is the first urban public space built in the early years of the Republic of China during the municipal engineering movement in Beijing.It then functioned as the center of the fine art exhibitions of the Peking school.From the founding of the Republic of China to the outbreak of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,the Park witnessed the birth and evolution of fine art exhibitions,societies,academies and pictorials.Later when the Nanking National Government was in power,Peking lost its political advantages and the fine art exhibitions in the Park took on the commercial touch,fostering occupational artists but losing the opportunity to transform into a gallery.This paper examines specific space of Zhongshan Park during the early artistic ecology of Beijing art circle,presents the relationship among various subjects within the Park and the evolution of such relationship,and discusses how the Chinese fine art is modernized.