雁栖湿地生态修复研究--以成都天府新区为例

Study on Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction Plan of Yanqi Wetland:A Case of Tianfu New Area in Chengdu City

雁栖湿地恢复项目是天府文创城的生态核心,是成都市公园城市建设的重要内容。落雁河现状存在枯洪期流量差异大,洪水期泥沙含量大,内涝严重等问题。借鉴自然湿地的生态系统结构、特征进行生态修复设计,对雁栖湿地项目区内的落雁河干支流河道和周边场地的湿地系统进行修复重建,构建完善的“林水一体”的植物群落和生境空间,重建“丘区河流湿地+面状扩展湿地+小微湿地群复合体”的天府特色湿地系统。实现涵养水源、净化水质、蓄洪抗旱、生态涵蓄、生物多样性保育等功能,打造人与自然和谐相处的生态空间。

The Yanqi Wetland restoration project is the ecological core of the cultural and creative city in Tianfu New Area,Sichuan.How to combine urban wetland restoration with park urban construction and realize multi-functional integration of urban wetland restoration is an urgent problem to be solved at present.The rehabilitation and reconstruction of Yanqi Wetland ecosystem for the upper Yangtze River ecological protection zone,Chengdu,Chongqing two city economic circle,Bashu ecological corridor,the innovation practice of wetland demonstration projects for practicing park concept of city development,exploring the new mode of ecological civilization’s lead to the urban development and all-round construction of the harmonious coexistence of man and nature of the natural growth of cities are of great importance.Based on the analysis of the Yanqi Wetland site environment situation and the general conception,the paper puts forward the Yanqi Wetland restoration target,following the wetland natural ecological attribute,and the integration of city park landscape and function,from the perspective of ecological value transformation driving the development of city,and discusses the wetland restoration and reconstruction planning,hoping to provide scientific reference for urban wetland ecological restoration and demonstration.The ecological restoration project of Yanqi Wetland is located in the lower reaches of the main stream of Luoyan River basin,with a planned area of about 670 hm2.There are some problems in Luoyan River,such as unstable bank,poor flood discharge,large sediment content in flood period,large difference in water flow during dry and flood period,and serious waterlogging.In view of the current conditions and major problems,in combination with the planning and development needs of the cultural and creative city,the restoration and reconstruction of the wetland system in the main tributaries of Luoyan River and surrounding sites in the Yanqi Wetland project area is carried out from the perspective of the current situation of ecological resources and the ecological construction of wetland.Through the four strategies of wetland water system combing,topographic arrangement,ecological construction and function optimization,the planning and design of wetland natural ecosystem structure,characteristics and landscape are carried out.Following the natural law of flood,conservation and self-purification of river wetlands,rivers,lakes,islands,grass,paddy fields and small reservoirs are connected through ditches to form a compound wetland system with tianfu characteristics of“hilly area river wetland+planar extension wetlands+small wetland system”.With Yanqi Wetland as the ecological core,Liucha ditch,Tiger ditch,Silver Carp reservoir,Sifang reservoir,Ginkgo reservoir and other ecological verandas extending from north to south are connected to construct a blue-green urban ecological space pattern in the park.As a whole,Yanqi Wetland forms the planning framework of“one belt and four areas”,namely Luoyan River ecological belt and four ecological theme areas,presenting different landscape characteristics and wetland landscape impression.The waterfront floodplain landscape zone is formed along the wetland area of Luoyan River,which fully protects the good natural ecological background of the current riverbank,replants wetland plants in local areas,and forms the natural river and flood wetland landscape with multiple landscape levels and ecological sequences through natural self-repair.In the alluvial area at the junction of luoyan River and Chishui River upstream,large-scale pastoral landscape and natural meadow swamps and wetlands are formed,providing food source and habitat for numerous birds.In the area near Tiger ditch,a wetland complex ecosystem of“wetland+farmland+fruit forest”is formed by relying on the network of water system and ditches and the existing farmland,fruit forest and other natural resources around.In the demonstration area,the shallow water areas such as zhoudao and shoal are planted with aquatic trees to form a large-scale aquatic forest.The peninsula bay beach space along the water bank is utilized to shape the small and micro wetland with the flavor of western Sichuan formed by negative terrain.In the downstream area,wetland crops such as lotus root,water chestnut and gordon euryale seed are planted in the tortuous water surface to create a tranquil wetland environment of Tianfu Water Town.Yanqi Wetland becomes a wetland ecosystem with natural structure,efficient function and rich wild interest,and constructs a river-wetland complex full of vitality,in order to maintain water resources,purify water quality,store floods and combat drought,and conserve ecology.Remolding the characteristic wetland landscape organically integrates with small and micro wetlands in the hilly area and tianfu forest pan settlement,constructing natural habitat and realizing the harmony between man and nature.To build an urban ecological core that looks forward to a better life,creates communication opportunities and inspires,and integrates the functions of ecological wetland,recreation space and urban public service,so as to form a world-class cultural and creative ecological complex integrating cultural and creative functions,recreation and conservation functions,wetland,forest and pastoral landscape.