养老设施活动空间背景声源类型对情绪及活动的影响

Effects of Background-Sound Sources Types on Emotion and Activities in Activity Spaces of Elderly Care Facilities

情绪感知研究是声环境研究中的重要内容。已有研究表明了不同声源与情绪感知之间的关系,但在目前国内养老设施声环境研究中,尚未将声源类型与情绪进行关联。本文以呼和浩特及哈尔滨8处养老设施为对象,在其活动空间播放鸟鸣声、流水声、钢琴曲和中国民歌4种背景声源,收集有效问卷177份,同时测量声压级,在此基础上分析不同背景声源类型对于情绪及活动影响的差异性。研究发现鸟鸣声具有最佳的提升愉悦情绪和安静感受的效果,钢琴曲对觉醒情绪提升最大,中国民歌对抵抗烦扰情绪最有效;棋牌活动空间不适合增加背景声源,乒乓球活动空间更适合中国民歌,台球活动空间与鸟鸣声和钢琴曲的组合都对情绪具有积极影响,多种声源都对改善静坐活动空间声环境有帮助等。

With the development of China’s aging situation,the acoustic environment of elderly care facilities has attracted attention.Previous studies have shown the relationships between different sound sources and emotional perception,but work has been limited to associate sound source types with emotions.This paper took 8 elderly care facilities in Hohhot and Harbin as case study sites,where four background sound sources were played,including bird sounds,running water,piano music and Chinese folk songs in the activity spaces,and 177 valid questionnaires were collected while sound pressure levels were measured at the same time.Experiments were carried out in the meditation hall,table tennis room,chess and card room,billiard activity room and other spaces of the elderly care facilities.In the experiment,several questionnaires were distributed without adding background sound sources,and then each piece of sound source was played in order for 30 minutes,and questionnaire interviews were conducted at the same time,with a 10-minute interval between each piece of music.During the experiment,sound level meter was used to measure the one-minute average A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level in the center of the room,including various situations with or without background sound sources,to ensure that the increased sound is the background sound in the environment.The questionnaire includes three parts.The first part is the basic personal information such as the respondent's gender,age,and educational experience.The second part is the interviewee's emotion and evaluation index of acoustic environment.The third part is the on-site information filled out by the investigator.The results show that,on the whole,bird sounds and Chinese folk songs have a significant positive effect on increasing pleasure emotions.Piano music and Chinese folk songs have a significant positive effect on increasing awakening emotions.Birdsong and Chinese folk songs have a significant positive effect on suppressing annoying emotions.There is a significant positive correlation between bird sounds and quietness(r=0.245,p<0.01),and Chinese folk songs have a significant positive correlation with the degree of influence on activities(r=0.182,p<0.05).The effect of bird sounds on the overall evaluation is most significant(r=0.170,p<0.05).People with different activity types have different preferences for sound source types.The average sound pressure levels for table tennis,chess,billiards,and sit-in activities were 72.1 dBA,61.6 dBA,66.8 dBA,and 56.1 dBA,respectively.Chinese folk songs have significantly improved the two emotional dimensions and the overall evaluation of pleasure and annoyance during table tennis activities;piano songs and running water have no positive impact on the emotional and acoustic environment evaluation of chess and card activities;piano music and bird sounds in billiard activities have a positive impact on emotion and sound environment evaluation.Piano music has a great impact on the two dimensions of pleasure and awakening and the overall evaluation.Bird sounds have a greater improvement on disturbances and restlessness than others.For sit-in activities,bird sounds have a positive effect on the dimensions of pleasure and disturbance,and the impacts on the evaluation were the greatest.In terms of individual differences,age was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of arousal(r=-0.184,p<0.05),and was significantly positively correlated with the degree of quietness(r=-0.258,p<0.01).The 80-89 age group have the best evaluation of the sound added to the activity space.The evaluation of the background sound source with age increases first and then declines.This may be related to the health status and life rules of people of different ages.Different genders have almost no effect on emotional and acoustic environment assessments.In terms of education,seniors with a college degree or above are more likely to feel noisy,and they also have a batter evaluation on adding background sound sources to activity spaces.People with lower educational backgrounds have a lower preference for adding sound sources than the former,but they have a higher acceptance level of noise.In summary,it is possible to make suggestions to the acoustic environment designers and managers of elderly care facilities.For spaces that need to increase the sense of quietness such as billiards rooms,chess and card rooms,etc.,natural sounds such as bird sounds and running water should be added.For the space where the elderly sit in meditation,it is necessary to increase the sense of awakening.It is advisable to increase the sound of music such as piano music and Chinese folk songs.The elderly activity center has a high proportion of elderly people in the 70-89 age group,and is more suitable for playing background sounds according to the activities.