国内地下空间环境对行为心理影响研究进展

Influence of Underground Space Environments on Human Behavior and Psychology:Research Progress in China

地下空间作为城市开发的重要方向,其环境对人的行为心理的影响是评价城市地下空间质量的重要因素之一。本文通过对国内现有地下空间环境对人的行为心理影响研究的文献分析,探讨该领域的研究进展。首先,结合文献数量及城市发展背景,梳理研究历程并划分为三个发展阶段;继而结合建筑空间设计与环境心理学视角,讨论现有研究中的主要路径与手段;随后对空间环境影响要素进行梳理,根据需求层次理论构建影响行人行为心理的地下空间环境要素体系,包含生理需求、安全需求、行为需求与情感需求。最后总结当前地下空间环境对人的行为心理影响这一研究领域中存在的研究对象单一、研究理论与设计实践脱节等问题,提出针对长期停留人员影响特性研究、视角多元化交叉研究等未来的研究方向,并对建成后的地下空间环境评价进行反馈与长期监控,为今后地下空间环境的设计、研究提出建议。

The inf luence of underground space environment on human behavior and psychology is an impor tant factor to evaluate the environmental quality of urban underground space which has become a significant direction of urban development.Based on the literature review of the inf luence of underground space environment on people’s behavior and psychology,this article studies the research progress in this field.Firstly,this article combs the current research progress of the influence of underground space on people’s behavior and psychology in China.The development of this field shows a growth with rapid speed.The development of researches in this field can be divided into three stages:exploratory stage,slow growth stage and rapid growth stage.Its development characteristics are as follows:research type transfers from single function to multiple function;research content changes from material space environment to pedestrian space cognition;research perspective is not limited to architectural science,and interdisciplinary perspectives including environmental psychology,ergonomics and cognitive physiology will become an important trend in the future development of this field.Then the focuses and methods in these studies are analyzed in terms of architectural space design and environmental psychology as well as the predominant approaches.Most of the researches are qualitative,while the rest are quantitative.And there are three research approaches that are used most frequently in quantitative researches,namely factor extraction approach,behavior simulation approach and environmental psychological correlation analysis approach.Studies using different technical approaches focus on different research objects and discuss the interaction between environment and behavior psychology from the perspective of environment or user’s behavior.These three types of research approaches are used to find suitable design for underground space environment with high quality.The multi-disciplinary cooperation promotes the complementarity of research methods.With the progress of scientific methods and technologies,the applications of new methods and technologies in this field are increasing gradually,such as computer simulation which makes the research results more scientific,reliable and predictable.Additionally,according to the Hierarchy of Needs,this article combs the environmental factors in the underground space affecting users’psychology and classifies the relevant influencing factors into four categories of users’needs,including physiological needs,safety needs,behavioral needs,and emotional ones,in order to construct the psychological demand system for underground space use.1)The main factors of physiological needs are the physical environment factors of underground space,including light,air,sound and so on.2)Safety needs refer to those to eliminate the insecurity,tension and fear caused by the relatively closed environment when people are in underground space,including space identification factors and disaster prevention factors.3)Behavior needs are the intermediate demand in users’needs level.It needs to satisfy people’s different experiences by providing recreation,shopping and other functions,in order to solve the problem of monotonous underground environment space.4)Emotional needs belong to high-level ones,including personalized artificial environment and natural landscape environment,which can promote the quality of underground space environment and have a positive impact on human psychology.Through sorting out the research results of different levels of psychological needs,this article explores the specific technical requirements of underground space design,and makes a summary and provides some suggestions for the future development direction of various needs research.Finally,summaries of current problems and potential study directions in this area are provided as well as some suggestions for underground space environment design and research in the future.The studies in this field can be expanded and strengthened in the following aspects:1)expanding quantitative research,2)diversifying research objects,3)strengthening interdisciplinary research,4)combining research theory with design practice.This article provides suggestions on improving the quality of underground space design in the future.