清代牛痘术在华推广赞助路径探析

Analysis on the Vaccinia Promotion and Sponsorship Path in China in Qing Dynasty

天花预防的中外交流使天花成为第一种被人类彻底消灭的传染病,是世界传染病学交流史上的一座丰碑。清代牛痘术的中国推广为中国的天花预防事业作出了不可磨灭的贡献。商人、医生、士绅、官员、传教士等社会力量通过技术推广、资金支持、文化调适与认同和舆论引导等路径对牛痘术传播事业的赞助,有力助推了牛痘术在中国的推广。清代牛痘术在华推广多元互补的赞助路径对当前各国传染病预防先进技术的有效推广具有一定的启示意义和借鉴意义。

The exchange of smallpox prevention between China and foreign countries has made smallpox the first infectious disease completely eliminated by human beings and is a monument in the history of world infectious disease exchange.The promotion of vaccination in China in Qing Dynasty made indelible contributions to the prevention of smallpox in China.Businessmen,doctors,gentry,officials,missionaries and other social forces have greatly promoted the spread of vaccinia in China through the sponsorship of technology promotion,financial support,cultural adjustment and identification,and public opinion guidance.The promotion of vaccinia in China in Qing Dynasty has certain enlightenment and reference significance for the effective promotion of advanced technologies for infectious disease prevention in various countries.