四川成都双元村东周墓地一五四号墓发掘

THE EXCAVATION OF TOMB M154 OF THE EASTERN ZHOU DYNASTY CEMETERY AT SHUANGYUAN VILLAGE IN CHENGDU CITY,SICHUAN

>双元村东周墓地位于成都市青白江区大弯镇双元村7组,距成都市中心约27公里(图一)。墓地西临成绵高速公路约2公里,南距毗河约5.5公里,北距101省道约3公里,墓地四周分布少许废弃的民房、厂房。地表为现代农田,地势平坦,与四周公路、乡道基本持平。中心点地理坐标为东经104°14′16″,北纬30°51′35″,海拔433米。

A total of 270 tombs of the Eastern Zhou dynasty were excavated at Shuangyuan Village in Chengdu City,which uncovered the largest area,excavated the greatest number of tombs,and unearthed the most abundant of grave goods of the Eastern Zhou dynasty in Sichuan Province.Zones I and II have different distribution patterns,and the tombs date from the end of the Western Zhou dynasty to middle of the Warring-States period.The tombs are all rectangular or narrow rectangular earthen pit tombs.Boat-shaped coffins and wooden coffins are seen,with some tombs having no burial containers.These tombs can be classified into four levels according to the size of the pits and the number of grave goods.M154 is the largest and highest-ranked tomb,with a boat-shaped coffin and a waist pit.It is the only tomb with a waist pit at the Shuangyuan Village cemetery.Within M154,147 artifacts were unearthed,mainly consisting of pottery vessels,bronze wares,tin wares,bone artifacts,lithic tools,lacquered wooden and bamboo products.Pottery gui-tureens,guan-jars,fu-cauldron,zhan-cups with pointed bottoms,vessel lids,and small ornaments on jars were unearthed.Each of the following bronzes has one piece unearthed,including ding-cauldron,zunfou-urn,yan-steamer,yi-pourer,pen-basin,ge-dagger-ax,chisel,mirror,round plaque,and seal.Besides,several bronze xiaodao-sabers,belt hooks,S-shaped components,and other components were found.Lacquered wooden products include a double erbeicup,se-zeither,box,vessel handle,handle of a ge-dagger-ax,several erbei-cups,double dou-stemmed bowls,beds,vessel lids,pegs,and cicada ornaments.A bamboo basket was found as well.Tomb M154 dates to the late stage of early Warring-States period.The tomb occupant is an adult female about 30 years old,no taller than 156 cm,of a high ranking noble or a certain subdivision of the Kaiming lineage in ancient Shu.The high-level tomb M154 at Shuangyuan Village cemetery,rich in grave goods and cultural factors,is a landmark for improving the chronological system of Eastern Zhou burials in the Ba-Shu area.It is also of great research value in exploring the cultural exchanges and burial rituals of the Shu state under the rule of the Kaiming dynasty.