俄罗斯留学生习得汉字问题及解决对策

The Problem of Russian Students Learning Chinese Characters and the Countermeasures

汉语已纳入俄罗斯国民教育体系。受母语负迁移影响,俄罗斯留学生习得汉字时出现的偏误主要集中在三方面:在字音方面,把握不准声母、韵母的发音部位和发音方法,声调调值常常张冠李戴,形成语音上的洋腔洋调;在书写方面,汉字是方块字,讲究布局和构字匀称,书写有顺序要求,俄罗斯留学生书写问题主要表现在笔画增加或减少、笔画顺序不当和结构松散等;在字义方面,不了解汉字以形释义的特征,对字义信息了解不够。在分析偏误产生原因的基础上,提出了解决对策。不仅有利于俄罗斯留学生习得汉字,也有利于汉字教学效率的提高。

Chinese has been included in the Russian national education system,Russian students learning Chinese and Chinese characters have become one of the biggest difficulties.This is affected by the negative migration of the mother tongue,the partial errors of Russian students'acquisition of Chinese characters mainly focus on three aspects:in terms of word tone,grasp the pronunciation parts and pronunciation methods of initials and vowels,the tone value is often changed.In terms of meaning which is Zhang Guan Li Dai,forming the foreign tone on the voice;and without understanding the interpretation form of the Chinese characters.This can cause the students don’t fully understand the meaning of the word.On the basis of analyzing the causes of bias,this study puts forward a solution.It is not only beneficial for Russian students to learn Chinese characters,but also conducive to the improvement Chinese characters teaching efficiency.