功能化磁性纳米颗粒吸附废水中重金属的研究进展

Research Progress on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Wastewater by Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles

重金属废水对环境造成了严重的污染,而传统的重金属废水处理技术存在着二次污染等问题。磁性纳米颗粒因具有良好的表面效应、稳定性、磁响应性能以及低生物毒性等独特的物理化学性质,在废水治理领域的应用受到广泛关注;但同时其也存在易团聚、分散性差、吸附特性差等缺点。因此,磁性纳米颗粒吸附废水中重金属时常常需要对其表面结构进行功能化修饰,以改进分散性能,提高吸附性能和反应活性。本文介绍了无机材料和有机材料功能化修饰的磁性纳米颗粒对水中重金属离子的吸附研究现状,阐述了功能化磁性纳米颗粒吸附去除重金属的优缺点、回收与重复利用情况,并对磁性纳米材料在重金属污染水体治理中的发展方向进行了展望。

Water pollution caused by heavy metals is becoming more and more serious,but there are also some problems in traditional pollution treatment methods,such as secondary pollution and so on.Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention in the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater due to their large specific surface area,good stability,magnetic response and low biotoxicity.However,as the adsorbents,magnetic nanoparticles also has some disadvantages such as easy agglomeration,poor dispersion and adsorption characteristics.Therefore,it is necessary to modify the magnetic nanoparticles in order to improve their dispersion,adsorption performance and reaction activity.In this paper,the modification of organic and inorganic materials on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles and their application in removing of heavy metals in wastewater are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages,recycle and reuse of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are summarized.And also the development direction of magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater are prospected.