非学历教育能够缓解农村家庭贫困吗?——基于中国居民家庭微观调查数据的分析

Can Non-Degree Education Alleviate Rural Family Poverty?——Based on the Micro Survey Data of Chinese Households

打赢脱贫攻坚战、减少农村贫困人口是我国当前的首要任务之一。运用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),分别从贫困发生率、贫困深度和贫困强度三个层面分析非学历教育对农村家庭减贫的效果,并使用倾向性得分匹配法(PSM)控制非学历教育自选择导致的内生性。研究表明:非学历教育对家庭贫困发生率、贫困深度和贫困强度均具有显著的负向效应,即使在控制内生性之后,非学历教育的减贫效果仍与前文结果保持一致。异质性分析表明,非学历教育对文盲/半文盲群体的贫困发生率有显著负向影响,并且显著降低了文盲/半文盲和低学历群体的贫困深度和贫困强度。另外,还发现非学历教育的减贫效应存在性别差异,即对男性群体的影响明显大于女性群体。因此,提高非学历教育水平能有效减轻家庭贫困程度,如何提高农村贫困地区的非学历教育水平并有效发挥这一人力资本的减贫作用,是政策当局需要重点关注和思考的问题。

How to win the battle against poverty and reduce the rural poor population is one of the most important tasks in China.This paper analyzes the effect of non-degree education on rural poverty reduction from the perspectives of the incidence of poverty,the depth of poverty and the intensity of poverty respectively by using the data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS).Meanwhile,it estimates the effect of non-degree education on the rural poverty in the family with the method of propensity score matching(PSM)in order to control non-degree education's endogeneity due to self selection.The empirical study shows that non-degree education has a significant negative effect on the incidence,depth and intensity of poverty in families.Even after controlling for endogeneity,the poverty reduction effect of non-degree education is still consistent with the previous article.Heterogeneity analysis shows that non-degree education has a significant negative impact on the incidence of poverty among the illiterate/semi-illiterate group,and significantly reduces the depth and intensity of poverty in the illiteracy/semi-illiteracy group and the group with low educational background.In addition,this paper finds that there are gender differences in the poverty reduction effect of non-degree education,which is obviously more important for the male than for the female.Therefore,the improvement of non-degree education can effectively reduce the level of family poverty.How to improve the level of non-degree education in poor rural areas and effectively bring into play the role of human capital in poverty reduction is a problem that policy authorities need to focus on and think about.