台湾地区农舍商品化争议及对大陆宅基地改革的启示——以宜兰县为例

The Disputes and Enlightenment of the Commercialization of the Farmhouse in Taiwan——A Case of ILan County

台湾地区农业政策在2000年之后由“管地又管人”调整为“管地不管人”,放宽农地农有延展为放宽农舍农有和农舍农用,宽松化的农舍政策导致农舍快速商品化,表现为建造数量、变现额度、交易频次、非农使用程度大幅增加,造成减损农地质量、挤压务农空间、扰乱农村住宅规划、污染水利系统等负面后果,台湾地区农舍商品化的规则争议焦点在于如何定义农民、如何规范农舍建造、如何对农舍课税等,观念争议焦点在于所有权与开发权的关系、农田与农舍的关系。总结反思台湾地区农舍商品化实践,可以为大陆稳慎推进农村宅基地改革提供借鉴和启示。

As Taiwan’s farmhouse policy was relaxed after 2000,the farmhouse were commercialized quickly:the number of construction,the amount of liquidity,the frequency of transactions,and the degree of nonagricultural use have increased significantly.The commercialization lead to negative consequences such as degrading the quality of agricultural land,squeezing the space for farming,disturbing rural housing planning,and polluting water conservancy systems.The focus of the rules dispute is how to define farmers,how to regulate the construction of farm buildings,how to tax the farmhouses.The focus of the concept dispute lies in the relationship between land ownership and land development right,and the relationship between farmland and farmhouse.Summarizing and reflecting on the practice of commercialization of farmhouse in Taiwan can provide reference and enlightenment for the mainland to prudently promote the reform of homestead.