军人水中训练研究进展

The Research Advance on Aquatic Training for Soldiers

有效预防训练伤的同时保障军事体能水平的提高,是我国军事训练急需解决的重大问题。水中训练是在水环境中充分利用水的物理特性及流体力学特征所进行的主动性运动,对军人训练伤的预防与康复及体能提升具有独特的优势作用。根据国内外军事体育训练特征及我军备战需求,对水中训练的发展现状进行了研究:1)深水跑具有显著的有氧训练效益,颈部以下浸入水所产生的生理效应及3D阻力环境下的跑动模式,可提高有氧能力和肌肉耐力,强化姿态稳定性;2)水中抗阻训练可获得与陆上训练相似的力量增长效果,同时避免重复性训练所产生关节压力及肌肉微损伤的加重,尤其适合复杂作战环境下的军事人员爆发力训练;3)水中温度的快速传导性促进暴露于极冷水环境中时体内液体平衡的保持,以及免疫系统的应激适应性的产生,帮助军事人员提高作战能力。未来应进一步探索适用于我国军事体能训练领域的专项水中训练研究。

Figuring out how to prevent training injury and enhance the fitness performance is an urgent problem for Chinese military training.Serving for injury prevention and fitness promotion in military training,the aquatic training(AT)is the active aquatic exercise doing in the water environment by using the physical features and hydrodynamic characteristics of water.In this paper,based on the characteristic of military strength and conditioning at home and abroad and the requirement of our military readiness,the current situation of AT were presented:1)Deep water running may have significantly aerobic benefits.Due to the physiological effect of neck immersion and the running mode under the circumstance of 3D,aerobic ability and muscle endurance could be increased and postural stability strengthened;2)aquatic resistance training may have similar effects on strength improvement compared with land resistance training.At the same time,it could prevent the joint compression and the aggravation of muscle micro-damage by repetitive training and especially suitable for power training in complex combat environment for solders;3)the fast conductivity of temperature in water could facilitate the maintaining of body fluid equilibrium exposed in ice-cold environment and the production of stress adaptive response for immune system which enhanced operational capability for solders.Further studies of specific AT for military strength and conditioning training in our country are needed.