中国女子三人篮球队运动员比赛负荷及运动表现特征研究

Study on Competition Load and Sports Performance Characteristics of ChineseWomen’s 3×3 Basketball Team

目的:探讨中国女子三人篮球队取得2019年世界杯冠军的比赛负荷和运动表现,完善三人篮球运动训练理论体系,有效提高我国三人篮球项目整体科学化训练水平。方法:以备战2019年世界杯、女子顶级巡回赛(3WS)的中国女子三人篮球队5名队员为研究对象,通过GPS可穿戴运动表现监控系统并结合多种研究方法,对中国女子三人篮球队运动员参加的3WS巡回赛进行综合研究。结果:女子三人篮球比赛惯例1天2~3场,其负荷量与强度不仅大于五人篮球赛,而且比赛强度与2016年世锦赛对比有显著性上升(P<0.05);女子三人篮球移动特征与五人篮球截然不同,对灵敏性及爆发性移动要求更高,这与比赛的高负荷强度密切相关;女子三人篮球队员比赛心率与五人篮球对比呈极显著性差异(P<0.01),高强度心率占大部分比赛时间,平均心率与最大心率区间波动较小;能量代谢的磷酸原及糖酵解系统供能比例大于五人篮球,队员需要较好的乳酸耐受能力和快速恢复能力,赛间间歇有氧恢复能力也十分重要。结论:女子三人篮球比赛的高强度、高密度和短间歇特征,导致比赛负荷量与强度均大于五人篮球,而且队员在比赛中的内外部负荷及运动表现也与五人篮球存在明显差异。

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the competition load and sports performance of the Chinese women’s 3×3 basketball team that won the 2019 World Cup,so as to improve the theoretical training system of 3×3 basketball,and to effectively improve the overall scientific training level of 3×3 basketball in China.Methods:Five players of Chinese women’s 3×3 basketball team,and the women’s top tour(3WS)were selected as the research subjects,through GPS wearable performance monitoring system and combined with a variety of research methods.Results:The routine of women’s 3×3 basketball game was 2~3 games a day,and the volume and intensity were greater than that of five-player basketball,and the competition intensity had a significant upward trend compared with 2016 World Championships(P<0.05).The movement characteristics were different than five-player basketball,and the requirements for agility and explosive movement were higher.There was a significant difference between the heart rate of the 3×3 basketball players and that of the five-player basketball’s players(P<0.01).The high-intensity heart rate accounted for most of the competition time.The proportion of energy supplied by ATP-CP and glycolysis system was larger than five-player basketball’s players,and the ability of intermittent aerobic recovery was also very important.Conclusion:The characteristics of high intensity,high density and short interval in the 3×3 basketball game lead to the load and intensity of the competition greater than that of the five-player basketball,and the players’internal and external load and performance in the competition are also significantly different from that of the five-player basketball.