战后台湾“学院儒学”中的实践儒学探索——以徐复观的儒学新诠与政治哲学发微为线索

Exploration of Practical Confucianism in Post-Second World War Taiwan “Academic Confucianism”--Taking Xu Fuguan’s New Interpretation of Confucianism and Political Philosophy as clue

徐复观(1903-1982)是战后台湾“学院儒学”群体中颇具政治敏锐性和现实关怀的学者。1949年后,他以国民党少将之姿激流勇退,转驻杏坛,专治思想史与义理疏释,揭櫫作为中国文化主流的儒家精神之现实意义,成就斐然。本文尝试从徐复观学思历程入手,剖析他对儒家精神品格及政治哲学的解读,展现台湾“学院儒学”独特的实践维度。徐氏在蒋氏政权的专制统治下,能够一意从儒学中抉发或接榫“民本”、“民主”等思想元素,堪称台湾儒学可贵的学术探索;他与钱穆相似,亦致力于中国文化精神与时代意义的阐扬,不论是对治当时还是今日之“台独”逆流,都具有不可忽视的理论价值。

Xu Fuguan(1903-1982)was a scholar with political acuity and practical concern among Post-Second World War Taiwan Residents“Academic Confucianism”.After 1949,he bravely retreated in the position of Major General of the Kuomintang,transferred to the academic arena,focused on the Intellectual History and the interpretation of doctrines,revealed the practical significance of the Confucian spirit as the mainstream of Chinese culture,and made remarkable achievements.This article attempts to start with the learning and thinking process of Xu Fuguan,analyze his explanation of Confucian spiritual character and political philosophy,and demonstrate the unique practical dimension of Taiwan’s“Academic Confucianism”.Under the authoritarian rule of the Jiang regime,Xu was able to explore or combine the thought elements of“people-oriented”and“democracy”from Confucianism.It was a valuable academic exploration of Confucianism in Taiwan;similar to Qian Mu,he was also committed to the interpretation of Chinese cultural spirits and the significance of the times.This puts a theoretical value that cannot be ignored on the governance at that time as well as the fight against“Taiwan independence”nowadays.