环境类邻避设施对北京市住宅价格影响研究——以大型垃圾处理设施为例

The impact of NIMBY facilities on housing prices in Beijing:A case study of large waste disposal facilities

近年来,随着城市扩张,垃圾处理设施的布局逐步和城市居住空间相交叠,影响居民生活品质。目前人们对于北京市垃圾处理设施"围城"问题的认知多来自新闻媒体的宣传报道,存在一定的认知误差。以北京市六环内及周边街道为研究范围,分析垃圾处理及转运设施对房价的影响程度,以及垃圾处理设施对周边住宅价格影响的空间范围,在此基础上分析北京市最大的垃圾处理中心——阿苏卫对周边房价的影响范围。结果表明:①北京市大型垃圾处理设施对周边房价影响的空间作用范围平均为6 km左右,这一距离远超市政建设要求的大型垃圾处理设施与居住区距离500 m的邻避标准。以此空间距离为基准测算,北京有800多个社区、约70万户居民处于大型垃圾处理设施的影响范围内。②案例研究显示,阿苏卫垃圾处理中心对周边房价的影响范围接近14 km,远大于垃圾处理设施的平均空间作用距离。由于阿苏卫周边分布着回龙观、天通苑等大型居住区,受该设施影响的居民多达几十万人。

In recent years,with the expansion of cities,the distribution range of garbage disposal stations has gradually overlapped with urban living spaces,and affected the quality of residents’lives.In the past,people’s perception of the problem of garbage sewers in Beijing came only from sensory impressions.In fact,garbage disposal sites and facilities only accounted for a small part of the"encirclement of the city",but the scope of its impact on the living space is relatively large.The specific impact degree and scope need to be analyzed quantitatively to reach an objective conclusion.Taking the streets within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing as the research scope,this paper analyzes the impact of waste treatment and transfer facilities on the housing price,as well as the spatial scope of the impact of waste treatment facilities on surrounding housing prices.On this basis,the impact range of Asuwei waste treatment center on the surrounding housing prices is analyzed.The results show that:(1)on average,large-scale waste treatment facilities in Beijing will affect the price of residential buildings within a distance of 6 km.This result is consistent with the previous results derived by scholars.There are 810 residential areas and nearly 700 thousand households in the affected area.(2)The impact of Asuwei waste treatment center on the surrounding housing prices reaches 14 km,which is far beyond the average impact range of waste treatment facilities and the protection distance specified in the construction standards.