中国过洋性渔业入渔风险防范对策研究

Study on strategies of risk prevention and emergency management on China’s distant-water fisheries

中国过洋性渔业目前处于转型升级、向高质量发展的阶段,因其具有高风险、涉外等特点,行业发展中会出现一些风险事件。为促进过洋性渔业高质量发展,加强过洋性渔业的风险防范和应急管理建设,通过分析远洋渔业的特性,研究了中国过洋性渔业风险和应急管理现状,从应对主体、入渔国家、技术和管理、预警等级等方面提出了防范对策。通过研究认为:在应对主体方面,渔业主管部门应制定总体预案,要求企业上报预案、成立风险控制部门、强化主体责任;在入渔国家方面,应对未入渔和已入渔国家,依据风险预警等级来动态控制入渔规模;在技术和管理方面,技术上应建立风险评价体系并完善预警机制,管理上应提高企业内部风险防范水平;在预警等级方面,应对不同预警等级采取不同程度的预案和应急准备。研究可为中国过洋性渔业风险和应急管理提供参考,为中国过洋性渔业的健康可持续发展提供支撑。

China’s distant-water fisheries are currently in the stage of transformation and upgrading to high quality.The high-risk and foreign-related characteristics of the industry determine that risk events often occur.In order to adapt to development,it is urgent to strengthen the risk prevention and emergency management of distant-water fisheries.Through the analysis of risk management and emergency management,this paper studies the current situation of risk prevention and emergency management in China’s distant-water fisheries,and proposes strategies from the perspectives of coping subject,coping countries,response level and early warning level.The study indicated that the fisheries authorities should formulate overall plans,require enterprises to report the plans and management measures,establish risk control departments and strengthen the main body’s responsibility in the fields of coping subject.And in respect of fishing countries,the scale of fishing should be controlled dynamically according to the level of risk early warning.In the fields of response level,we should technically establish a risk evaluation system and improve the early warning mechanism.In the aspect of early warning level,we should adopt preplan of different degrees and emergency preparation for different early warning levels.The above four suggestions can provide references for the risk and emergency management of distant-water fishery and support the healthy and sustainable development of distant-water fishery.