种植方式对直播当归药材产量与质量的影响

Effects of different cropping patterns on the yield and quality of direct sowing Angelica sinensis radix

研究不同种植方式对直播当归药材质量和产量的影响,以期确定适宜的直播种植方式,旨在为产区当归直播技术提供理论和技术支撑。采用丸粒化种子覆膜精量穴播和种子带膜侧种植两种方式,以传统种苗移栽为对照,对其田间保苗率、早期抽薹率、药材根形态及鲜产量和质量进行测定。结果表明,采用膜侧直播的当归出苗率和保苗率均为90%以上,田间抽薹率为零;直播当归芦头茎粗较传统种植模式分别低17.84%和28.65%,单根鲜重也低于传统方式种植的当归,但直播药材鲜产量高于传统移栽方式;直播当归药材质量各项指标均达到《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版(一部)标准要求,且与传统种苗移栽模式种植的药材基本一致。说明采用种子带膜侧直播种植不仅解决了直播田间保苗率低和抽薹难题,还保证了当归药材的质量和产量。

In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for the cultivation of direct sowing Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels,the effects of different cropping patterns on the yield and quality of direct sowing were studied. Two methods were adopted:granulated seeds were seeded by acupoint with mulching precision and seeds are planted on the membranous side,took traditional planting mode as the comparison. The seedling preservation rate,early moss extraction rate,root morphology,fresh yield and quality of medicinal materials were measured. The results indicated that the emergence rate and seedling preservation rate of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels by direct seeding on the membrane side were above 90%,and the field moss extraction rate was zero. Compared with traditional planting mode,the reed head diameter of Angelica sinensis radix was 17.84%and 28.65% lower in direct seeding,and the fresh weight of single root was also lower than that of traditional planting mode,but the fresh yield of medicinal herbs higher than that of traditional transplanting mode. The quality indexes of live broadcast Angelica sinensis radix all meet the standard requirements of the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition(I),and are basically in line with the traditional seedling transplanting mode. The results showed direct seeding with film side can not only solved the problem of low seedling preservation rate in the field and moss extraction that has long been a problem in the production of Angelica sinensis radix,but also ensured the quality and yield of Angelica sinensis radix.