2014—2018年昆明市官渡区手足口病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Guandu District of Kunming City from 2014 to 2018

目的分析2014—2018年昆明市官渡区手足口病流行特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集2014—2018年昆明市官渡区手足口病流行病学与病原学监测资料,并对数据进行分析。结果 2014—2018年昆明市官渡区共报告手足口病22 316例,年均发病率为509.57/10万。发病季节性明显,4—7月为发病高峰,10—12月为发病小高峰,形成明显的双峰分布;官渡区各个街道均有病例报告,发病数居前4位的街道是小板桥街道、矣六街道、关上街道和官渡街道;发病主要集中0~5岁,其中1~<2岁组发病最多,占26.93%,其次是3~<4岁组,占22.28%;男性发病多于女性,男女之比为1.44∶1;发病职业构成主要为散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生。共报告手足口病重症病例865例,年均发病率为19.75/10万,发病率呈逐年下降趋势;共报告3 066例手足口病确诊病例,其中肠道病毒71型(EV-A71)占44.88%,柯萨奇病毒A16型(CV-A16)占32.13%,其他肠道病毒占22.99%。结论 2014—2018年昆明市官渡区手足口病发病存在明显的季节性、地区聚集性和人群分布特点,病原分布呈不同年份和季节的动态变化,故手足口病的监测应着重在4—7月展开,重点人群为0~5岁的儿童,且应以散居和幼托儿童为重点人群,进一步加强疫情监测和宣传教育力度,做好病原学检测,采取有效的综合性防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Guandu District of Kunming City from 2014 to 2018, provide basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological and etiological surveillance data of HFMD in Guandu District of Kunming City from 2014 to 2018 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 22 316 HFMD cases were reported in Guandu District of Kunming City from 2014 to 2018, with an average annual incidence of 509.57/lakh. There was an obvious seasonality, the peak appeared April to July while a small peak appeared October to December, forming a clear double-peak distribution. The cases were reported in every street of Guandu District, and the top four streets were Xiaobanqiao Street, Yiliu Street, Guanshang Street and Guandu Street. The patients were mainly children aged 0-5 years old, and most were in 1-<2 year-old age group, accounting for 26.93%, followed by 3-<4 year-old age group,accounting for 22.28%. The male cases were more than female cases, with male-to-female ratio of 1.44∶1. The occupational components of the disease were mainly scattered children, kindergarten children and students. Totally 865 severe cases of HFMD were reported, with an annual incidence rate of 19.75/lakh, and the incidence rate decreased year by year. A total of 3 066 confirmed cases of HFMD were reported, of which enterovirus 71(EV-A71) accounted for 44.88%, Coxsackie virus A16(CV-A16)accounted for 32.13% and other enteroviruses accounted for 22.99%. Conclusion From 2014 to 2018, the incidence of HFMD in Guandu District of Kunming City has obvious seasonality, regional aggregation and population distribution characteristics. The distribution of pathogens shows dynamic changes in different years and seasons. Therefore, the monitoring of HFMD should be carried out from April to July, with children aged 0-5 years old, scattered children and kindergarten children as the key population. It is necessary to further strengthen the epidemic monitoring, publicity and education, do a good job in pathogen detection, and take effective comprehensive prevention and control measures.