心理资本对贫困大学生家庭教养方式和自杀意念的中介作用

Intermediary effect of psychological capital on parenting style and suicidal ideation of poor college students

目的探讨贫困大学生心理资本在父母教养方式和自杀意念间的中介作用。方法 2018年10—12月,筛选河南省某高校403名贫困大学生作为调查对象,采用父母教养方式评价量表、心理资本量表、自杀意念量表进行问卷调查。结果贫困大学生自杀意念得分5.79±4.23,自杀意念发生率为8.4%。贫困大学生自杀意念总分、绝望因子分、乐观因子分显著高于非贫困大学生(t=3.27、3.16、2.33,均P<0.05)。父母情感温暖理解与心理资本呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.01),和自杀意念呈负相关(r=-0.27,P<0.01);父母拒绝否认、过度保护干涉、严厉惩罚与自杀意念呈正相关(r=0.39、0.28、0.38,均P<0.01);和心理资本呈负相关(r=-0.34、-0.24、-0.35,均P<0.01)。心理资本在父母情感温暖和自杀意念之间起到完全中介作用,中介效应占总效应的88.1%。心理资本在父母拒绝否认、过度保护干涉、严厉惩罚和自杀意念间起到部分中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的47.8%、48.6%和43.9%。结论贫困大学生父母教养方式、心理资本是影响自杀意念的重要因素,改善贫困大学生消极的父母教养方式,提高其心理资本可以降低其自杀意念。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological capital on the parenting style and suicidal ideation of poor college students. Methods 403 poor college students from a university in Henan Province were selected and surveyed by using the parenting style evaluation scale(EMBU),Positive psychological capital questionnaire(PPQ) and Self-rating idea of suicide scale(SIOSS) from October to December in 2018. Results The score of suicidal ideation among poor college students was 5.79 ±4.23,and the incidence of suicidal ideation was 8.4%. The total score of suicide ideation,despair factor score and optimism factor score of poor college students were significantly higher than those of non poor college students(t=3.27,3.16,2.33,all P<0.05). The parents’ emotional warmth understanding was significantly positively correlated with psychological capital(r =0.41,P <0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.27,P<0.01). The parents’ refusal to deny,excessive protection interference,severe punishment were significantly positively correlated with suicide intention(r=0.39,0.28,0.38,all P<0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with psychological capital(r=-0.34,-0.24,-0.35,all P<0.01). Psychological capital played a completely mediating role between parents’ emotional warmth and suicide ideation,and the mediating effect accounted for88.1% of the total effect. Psychological capital played a part of mediating role among parents’ refusal to deny,excessive protection of interference,severe punishment and suicide ideation,and the mediating effect accounted for 47.8%,48.6% and 43.9% of the total effect,respectively. Conclusion The parenting style and psychological capital of poor college students are important factors that affect their suicidal ideation. Improving their negative parenting style and psychological capital can reduce their suicidal ideation.