2019年全国鼠类监测报告

National surveillance report on rodents in China, 2019

目的分析我国2019年全国鼠类监测数据,为提高全国鼠类监测工作质量和制定科学的鼠类防控措施提供依据。方法全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团共设置89个地市作为监测点,采用夹夜法、笼夜法和粘鼠板法,选择3种生境,每2个月1次连续监测鼠类。收集和整理监测数据,分析鼠种构成、分布和密度季节消长。结果 2019年共捕获鼠类4 317只,总鼠密度为0.78只/100夹(笼/板)。笼夜法捕获鼠密度最高,其次是粘鼠板法。褐家鼠、小家鼠和黄胸鼠分别占捕鼠总数的47.30%、27.89%和12.55%。3种监测生境以农村居民区鼠密度最高。全年各月份鼠密度呈先升后降,5月密度最高。结论 2019年全国监测点鼠密度、鼠种构成及季节消长与2005-2016年监测结果相比均差别不大。各地应根据本地历年监测结果评估风险,制定控制策略。

Objective To analyze the national surveillance data of rodents in China, 2019, and to provide a basis for improving the quality of national rodent surveillance and formulating scientific control measures. Methods Eighty-nine prefecture-level cities were set up as surveillance sites in 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Rodents were captured once every two months in three habitats by nighttrapping, night-cage and sticky board methods. The surveillance data of rodents were collected and sorted to analyze the species composition, distribution, and seasonal density fluctuation of rodents. Results A total of 4 317 rodents were captured in 2019, with a total density of 0.78 rodents/100 traps. Cage trapping had the highest density of captured rodents,followed by sticky trapping. Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and R. tanezumi accounted for 47.30%, 27.89%, and 12.55%of the total rodents captured, respectively. The highest density of rodents was in rural residential areas among three habitats.The density of rodents first increased and then decreased all year round, and peaked in May. Conclusion The density,species composition, and seasonal fluctuation of rodents at national surveillance sites across China in 2019 show no significant differences from the results in 2005-2016. Local authorities should assess risks and formulate control strategies based on their surveillance results of previous years.