2019年全国媒介蚊虫监测报告

National vector surveillance report on mosquitoes in China, 2019

目的了解我国2019年蚊媒种类、构成、密度、分布、季节消长等特征,为蚊媒传染病的科学防控提供依据。方法收集2019年我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)88个监测点蚊媒监测数据。成蚊监测采用诱蚊灯法和双层叠帐法,幼蚊监测采用布雷图指数法、勺捕法和路径法。成蚊每月监测2次,幼蚊每月监测1次。应用Excel 2013软件对监测数据进行汇总统计分析。结果 2019年全国蚊虫总平均密度为9.81只/(灯·夜)。蚊种构成显示,淡色/致倦库蚊占捕获总数的57.73%,其他依次为中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊,分别占20.27%、12.22%、2.29%和0.02%。内蒙古、湖北、青海、云南和湖南省(自治区)蚊密度较高,分别为22.60、21.72、17.14、12.71和10.18只/(灯·夜)。诱蚊灯法、双层叠帐法、勺捕法和路径法蚊虫季节消长结果均显示,蚊虫活动的高峰期在6-9月,最高峰值在7或8月。布雷图指数法的幼蚊季节消长分析结果显示,媒介伊蚊幼蚊密度高峰期在4-9月。不同生境捕获成蚊密度以牲畜棚最高为36.29只/(灯·夜);不同生境捕获幼蚊布雷图指数以废旧轮胎厂最高为19.25。结论库蚊为我国蚊虫优势蚊属。建议各省(自治区、直辖市)于每年4月开始实施杀灭越冬蚊虫、环境治理等蚊媒防控措施。2020年蚊媒防控工作要重视居民区、废旧轮胎厂和废旧物品处蚊虫孳生地的及时清理,做到从源头预防和控制蚊媒传染病。

Objective To investigate the species, composition, density, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in China, 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The mosquito vector surveillance data of 88 surveillance sites in 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) of China in 2019 were collected. The light trapping and human-baited double net trapping methods were employed to monitor adult mosquitoes, and the Breteau index(BI), scoop capture, and route methods were adopted to monitor mosquito larvae. Adult mosquitoes were monitored twice a month, and mosquito larvae were monitored once a month. Excel 2013 software was used to analyze the mosquito vector surveillance data. Results The mean density of mosquitoes was 9.81 mosquitoes/lamp · night in China in 2019. Culex pipiens pallens/Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 57.73% of all captured mosquitoes, followed by Anopheles sinensis, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus,and Ae. aegypti, which accounted for 20.27%, 12.22%, 2.29%, and 0.02%, respectively. The mosquito densities in Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Hunan provinces were relatively high, being 22.60, 21.72, 17.14, 12.71, and 10.18 mosquitoes/lamp · night, respectively. The results of seasonal fluctuation by light trapping, human-baited double net trapping, scoop capture, and route methods all indicated that the peak period of mosquito activity was from June to September, and the highest peak was in July or August. The results of the Breteau index method indicated that the peak period of Aedes larvae was from April to September. The highest density of adult mosquitoes was in livestock sheds, being 36.29 mosquitoes/lamp·night, while the highest Breteau index of mosquito larvae was in waste tyre recycling factories,being 19.25 mosquitoes/lamp · night. Conclusion The dominant mosquito specie is Cx. pipiens/Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus in China. It is recommended to implement prevention and control measures such as overwintering mosquito elimination and environment management from April each year in all provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). In 2020, the main prevention and control measure is to pay more attention to timely cleaning of the mosquito breeding sites in residential areas, waste tyre recycling factories, and waste collection areas,so as to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases from the origins.