胰岛β细胞去分化转分化的研究进展

Research Progress of Pancreatic β Cell Dedifferentiation and Transdifferentiation

糖尿病的发生发展存在胰岛β细胞功能丧失,胰岛β细胞去分化在此过程中扮演了十分重要的角色。胰岛β细胞特异性转录因子的表达和信号通路维持正常状态对其胰岛素合成和分泌功能至关重要,在炎症或应激反应下,这些转录因子和信号通路发生改变,会诱导胰岛β细胞去分化,推进糖尿病的病程。因此,如何逆转胰岛β细胞去分化是治疗糖尿病的关键。基因重编程技术可调控细胞的定向分化,在其他细胞中,通过增加胰岛β细胞特异性转录因子的表达和改变特定信号通路,可以诱导胰岛β细胞转分化的发生,从而为补充胰岛β细胞功能,治疗糖尿病提供新思路。

There is a loss of function of pancreatic β cells in the development of diabetes mellitus,and the dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells play an important role in this process.The specific transcription factors expression and signaling pathways normal state maintaining in β cells are critical to insulin synthesis and secretion.Under the condition of inflammation or stress,these transcription factors and signaling pathways change,which can induce the dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells and promote the course of diabetes mellitus.Therefore,how to reverse pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation is the key to the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Gene reprogramming technology can regulate the directional differentiation of cells.In other cells,by increasing the expression of pancreatic β cell specific transcription factors and changing the specific signal pathway,it can induce the occurrence of pancreatic β cell transdifferentiation,thus providing a new idea for supplementing the function of β cell and treating diabetes mellitus.