摘要
【目的】研究稻-稻-油三熟制早熟油菜品种的干物质积累及养分吸收特征,分析其与常规熟期油菜品种的差异,为南方三熟区早熟油菜生产中科学借鉴已有的常规熟期油菜施肥技术和理论提供参考。【方法】于2017年冬季至2019年春季,在湖南省衡阳市布置为期两年的田间小区试验,供试品种为早熟品种湘油420和常规熟期品种湘油1035,从播种45~50天后开始,每隔15天左右取样测定两个品种的干物质积累量和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硼(B)、镁(Mg)元素的吸收特征,并在收获期测产。【结果】早熟品种的干物质、K和Mg的积累量低于常规熟期品种,两年平均分别低11.2%、6.3%和11.0%,但其收获指数、籽粒产量以及N、P、B素积累量高于常规熟期品种,两年平均分别高4.4%、8.2%、22.2%、10.0%和22.7%。早熟品种干物质和磷素净增量在角果发育期最大,常规熟期品种在开花期最大,在2017—2018和2018—2019年度,角果发育期早熟品种干物质净增量分别为6492和3559 kg/hm^2,分别占总积累量的52.3%和35.8%,开花期常规熟期品种干物质净增量分别为4975和4867 kg/hm^2,分别占总积累量的37.1%和41.8%;角果发育期早熟品种磷素净增量分别为15.0和12.0 kg/hm^2,分别占总磷积累量的47.5%和31.7%,开花期常规熟期品种磷素净增量分别为12.1和16.8 kg/hm^2,分别占总磷积累量的44.1%和46.1%。氮素净增量早熟品种为开花期最大,常规熟期品种为苗期最大,开花期早熟品种氮素净增量分别为62.8和46.2 kg/hm^2,分别占总氮积累量的46.8%和41.9%,苗期常规熟期品种氮素净增量分别为53.0和51.5 kg/hm^2,分别占总氮积累量的48.6%和56.7%。最大钾素净增量早熟品种和常规熟期品种均在开花期,但钾素净增量的次高期早熟品种为角果发育期或蕾薹期,常规熟期品种为苗期,早熟品种最大钾素净增量分别为120.6和172.1 kg/hm^2,分别占总钾积累量的39.9%和66.8%,常规熟期品种最大钾素净增量分别为105.8和145.0 kg/hm^2,分别占总钾积累量的32.8%和52.7%,该期K素净增量占比早熟品种高于常规熟期品种。B和Mg素净增量最高时期2017—2018年度为早熟品种在角果发育期,常规熟期品种在开花期,而2018—2019年度两品种均在开花期,但该年度B素净增量次高时期早熟品种(角果发育期)仍滞后于常规熟期品种(蕾薹期);B素净增量最高时期的占比早熟品种分别为47.5%和58.4%,常规熟期品种分别为64.3%和54.9%,对应的净增量早熟品种分别为237.9和249.7 g/hm^2,常规熟期品种分别为260.1和193.6 g/hm^2;Mg素净增量最高时期的占比早熟品种分别为39.4%和39.5%,常规熟期品种分别为37.7%和37.0%,对应的净增量早熟品种分别为6.2和3.4 kg/hm^2,常规熟期品种分别为6.4和3.8 kg/hm^2。【结论】常规熟期品种干物质和养分积累高峰主要集中在苗期到开花期,而早熟品种在开花期到角果发育期,明显迟于常规熟期品种,其中延迟最明显的是氮素养分吸收。因此,在生产中早熟品种氮磷钾肥和中微量元素肥均应更加注意满足开花期至角果发育期的养分需求。
【Objective】The characteristics of dry matter(DM)accumulation and nutrient absorption of early maturing rape cultivar were compared with those of conventional one under the three-ripening system of rice-ricerape rotation in southern China,so as to provide a reference for the nutrient managements of early maturing rape cultivars.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Hengyang City,Hunan Province.The tested early maturing cultivar(EMC)was Xiangyou 420 and the conventional one(CMC)was Xiangyou 1035.Plant samples were taken every 15 days or so since 45-50 days after sowing for the determination of the dry matter(DM)accumulation and the contents of N,P,K,B and Mg.【Results】The accumulation of DM,K and Mg in EMC were lower than those in CMC,and averagely 11.2%,6.3%and 11.0%lower,but the harvest index,seed yield and the accumulation of N,P and B were higher than those in CMC,and averagely 4.4%,8.2%,22.2%,10.0%and 22.7%higher.The largest net increment of DM and P occurred in silique developing stage in EMC and in blooming stage in CMC.In 2017-2018 and 2018-2019,the net increment of DM were 6492 and 3559 kg/hm^2,accounting for 52.3%and 35.8%of the total accumulation in silique developing stage in EMC,and those of DM were 4975 and 4867 kg/hm^2,accounting for 37.1%and 41.8%of the total in blooming stage in CMC.The increment of P in the two years were 15.0 and 12.0 kg/hm^2,accounting for 47.5%and 31.7%of the total accumulation of P in silique developing stage in EMC,while the net P increment were 12.1和16.8 kg/hm^2,accounting for 44.1%and 46.1%in blooming stage for CMC in two years,respectively.The net increment of N were the largest in blooming stage for EMC and in seedling stage for CMC.During the stage in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019,the net increment of N were 62.8 and 46.2 kg/hm^2,accounted for 46.8%and 41.9%of the total in the blooming stage in EMC;while those were 53.0 and 51.5 kg/hm^2,accounted for 48.6%and 56.7%in seedling stage for CMC,respectively.Both EMC and CMC had the largest net K increment in flowering stage,but EMC also had the second highest net K increment in silique developing stage or in bolting stage,and CMC at the seedling stage.The maximum net K increment of EMC were120.6 and 172.1 kg/hm^2,accounting for 39.9%and 66.8%of the total K accumulation,and the maximum net K increment of CMC were 105.8 and 145.0 kg/hm^2,accounting for 32.8%and 52.7%of the total K accumulation,the proportion of the highest net K increment in EMC were higher than those in CMC.In 2017-2018,the highest net increment of B and Mg were in silique developing stage in EMC and in blooming stage in CMC.While in 2018-2019,they were all in blooming stage,but the second highest net B increment in EMC(silique developing stage)was still lag behind CMC(bolting stage).The proportion of the highest net B increment was47.5%and 58.4%for EMC,64.3%and 54.9%for CMC,and the corresponding net increment was 237.9 and249.7 g/hm^2 for EMC,260.1 and 193.6 g/hm^2 for CMC.The percentage of net Mg increment in the highest period was 39.4%and 39.5%for EMC,37.7%and 37.0%for CMC,and the corresponding net increment was 6.2 and 3.4 kg/hm^2 for EMC,6.4 and 3.8 kg/hm^2 for CMC.【Conclusions】The peak accumulation of dry matter and nutrients are mainly occurred from the seedling to the blooming stage in conventional maturity cultivar,and are from the flowering to the silique developing stage for early maturing cultivar.The nutrition demand in early maturing cultivar falls behind the conventional maturity cultivar,especially the peak requirement of nitrogen.Therefore,the supply of N,P,K,Mg and B fertilizers should be paid more attention from the flowering to the silique developing stage when early maturing cultivar of rape is used.
作者
胡宇倩
张振华
熊廷浩
资涛
张嫒
宋海星
HU Yu-qian;ZHANG Zhen-hua;XIONG Ting-hao;ZI Tao;ZHANG Ai;SONG Hai-xing(School of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Hunan Province,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1339-1348,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200900)。
关键词
早熟品种
冬油菜
三熟制
养分需求特性
early maturing cultivar
winter rape
triple-cropping system
nutrient requirement characteristics