啶酰菌胺在南瓜、芦笋、山楂、芒果和木瓜上的膳食摄入风险评估

Dietary exposure and risk assessment of boscalid residue in pumpkin, asparagus, hawthorn, mango, and papaya

为明确啶酰菌胺在南瓜、芦笋、山楂、芒果和木瓜上使用可能产生的膳食摄入风险,通过进行规范田间残留试验,检测了南瓜、芦笋、山楂、芒果和木瓜中啶酰菌胺的最终残留量,结合国内和国际两种膳食消费量数据,评估了啶酰菌胺的长期膳食摄入风险,并就两种方法的评估结果进行了比较分析。样品采用QuEChERS方法前处理,液相色谱-串联质谱(LCMS/MS)定量分析。结果表明:南瓜在0.01、0.1和3 mg/kg,芦笋在0.01、0.1和20 mg/kg,山楂在0.01、0.1和60 mg/kg,芒果在0.01、0.1和4 mg/kg,木瓜在0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg添加水平下,啶酰菌胺在空白样品中的平均回收率为79%~101%,相对标准偏差为2%~14%。采用"中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告"的膳食消费数据,计算得啶酰菌胺针对普通人群的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.707 5 mg/(kg bw),风险商(RQ)为28.1%;采用世界卫生组织(WHO)提供的每种农产品的单独膳食量进行计算,啶酰菌胺的每日摄入量为0.128 2 mg/(kg bw),风险商(RQ)为5.1%。两种方法的评估结果均表明啶酰菌胺对一般人群的健康不会产生不可接受的风险,然而,采用不同膳食消费数据进行计算会导致风险评估结果存在较大差异,其原因主要是由于中国所采用的膳食消费数据是作物分类基础上的数据,而不是具体某种农产品的单独消费量,因而易导致中国的膳食摄入风险评估结果过于保守。因此建议相关部门进一步完善居民的营养与健康状况调查监测工作,提供具体到每一种农产品的膳食消费数据,以便于科学评价农药对人体健康的风险。

In order to evaluate the safety risk of boscalid in pumpkin, asparagus, hawthorn, mango, and papaya, supervised residue field trial was conducted. In this study, the samples were pretreated using QuEChERS method and quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). The final residues in the tested crops were detected. Then, a comparative analysis of long-term intake risk assessment using two different diets was conducted. When the spiked levels were 0.01, 0.1, 3 mg/kg in pumpkin, the spiked levels were 0.01, 0.1, 20 mg/kg in asparagus, the spiked levels were 0.01, 0.1, 60 mg/kg in hawthorn, the spiked levels were 0.01, 0.1, 4 mg/kg in mango,and the spiked levels were 0.01, 0.1, 10 mg/kg in papaya, the average recoveries of boscalid varied from79% to 101%, with the relative standard deviations(RSD) between 2% to 14%. Based on the dietary consumption data from the Chinese nutrition and health status monitoring survey, national estimates daily intake(NEDI) of boscalid was 0.707 5 mg/(kg bw), and the risk quotient(RQ) was 28.1%.However, if the individual dietary intake of each agricultural product provided by WHO was considered, the daily intake of boscalid was 0.128 2 mg/(kg bw), RQ was 5.1%. The reason for the difference of those two results is that the food consumption data used in dietary exposure assessment in China is based on the types of agricultural products, rather than the specific consumption of a single agricultural product, which will lead to the over-conservative assessment of the risk. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant departments should put more effort to the investigation and monitoring of residents’ nutrition and health status, and provide specific dietary consumption data for each agricultural product, so as to facilitate scientific evaluation of the health risk of pesticides to humans.