人与动物的共同健康:One Health--浅谈从动物实验室安全管理到全民健康

Common health of humans and animals:One Health-a brief discussion on the management of experimental animal safety and national health

"同一健康"(One Health)理念是一种旨在通过地方,国家和全球范围内的多学科的共同努力,来实现人、动物和环境共同健康的健康理念。其雏形最早出现于十八世纪欧洲的比较医学,经历百余年的发展在二十一世纪逐渐成熟。在该理念的指导下,多国家和地区对含抗生素的动物促生长剂的使用政策以及人兽共患病的预防方案上进行了不同程度的调整,并取得了一定成效,这证明了One Health对解决公共卫生问题,实现全民健康的积极影响。此外,实验动物由于其特殊性,其使用不当所引起的生物实验室安全事故会对公众健康构成威胁,因此杜绝动物实验室安全隐患必然是实现全民健康的重要一环。本文梳理了One Health理念的发展历史和内涵,就其在公共卫生问题和动物实验室安全管理的发展现状做一综述。

“One Health”is a health concept that aims to achieve common health for people,animals and the environment through the joint efforts of multiple disciplines at local,national and global levels.Its embryonic form first appeared in 18th century European comparative medicine.It has gradually matured in the 21st century after more than 100 years of development.Under the guidance of this concept,many countries and regions have adjusted the use of antibioticcontaining animal growth promoters and zoonotic disease prevention programs to varying degrees.This has achieved many positive result,showing that"One Health"has a positive impact on national health.In addition,because of the special nature of laboratory organisms,improper use may lead to biological accidents that could pose a huge threat to public health.Therefore,the elimination of safety hazards concerning laboratory organisms is an important part of achieving universal health.This article summarizes the development of"One Health"with respect to public health issues and safety management of laboratory organisms and discusses connotations of its application.