“梅兰芳表演艺术体系”说的是与非

The Disputed Theory of“MEI Lanfang’s Performing Art System”

“梅兰芳表演艺术体系”说的提出一直可以追溯到1935年春梅兰芳第一次访苏时苏联人关于梅兰芳“创造了自己的戏剧体系”的赞词之上。20世纪50年代,我国对“斯坦尼体系”的膜拜激发了学界将中国戏剧也称作“体系”并与世界上其他戏剧体系进行比较研究的冲动。20世纪60年代初,黄佐临“三个不同戏剧观”的命题中已暗含斯坦尼、布莱希特、梅兰芳“三个体系”的提法。1988年,黄佐临在一次学术讲演中对此作了确认。1981年,我国报刊上已有“梅兰芳体系”是“世界三大戏剧体系之一”的提法,但1982年孙惠柱提出的“三大戏剧体系”说影响最大。“世界三大戏剧体系”说有缺乏世界性和逻辑前提不一致的缺陷,有学者提出古希腊戏剧、印度梵剧和中国戏曲才是“世界三大戏剧体系”,此说亦存在三者“不可比并”的问题。将梅兰芳的表演艺术称作“体系”则具有合理性,这个“体系”由梅兰芳的表演艺术实践及蕴涵其中的美学观念、梅兰芳自己的理论总结、国内外学人对梅兰芳的研究等所构成。“体系”之建构除梅兰芳的杰出贡献之外,还有赖多方助力。“梅兰芳表演艺术体系”承载了戏曲的优良传统,是“中国戏曲体系”的代表。

The theory of“MEI Lanfang’s performing art system”can be traced back to the Soviets’praise for his“creating his own drama system”when MEI Lanfang first visited the Soviet Union in the spring of 1935.Later Chinese worship of“Stanislavski’s system”in the 1950s inspired the academic community to view Chinese drama as a“system”and compare it with other drama systems in the world.In the early 1960s,HUANG Zuolin’s proposal of“three different views on drama”implied“three systems”of Stanislavski,Brecht and MEI Lanfang,which was further confirmed by him in a lecture in1988.As early as 1981,there were references of“MEI Lanfang’s system”as one of the“three drama systems in the world”in academic journals yet SUN Huizhu’s theory of“three Drama systems”was the most influential in 1982.The theory of“three major drama systems in the world”has the defects of lacking cosmopolitan attributes and is inconsistent in logical premise.Some scholars referred the ancient Greek drama,Indian Sanskrit drama and Chinese drama as“three major drama systems in the world”which also has the defect of“incomparability and non-juxtaposition”.It is reasonable to call MEI Lanfang’s performing art a“system”,which consists of MEI Lanfang’s performing art practice and aesthetic concept,his own theoretical summary and the studies on MEI Lanfang by scholars at home and abroad.Besides MEI Lanfang’s outstanding contribution,the construction of the“system”also relies on many multiple supports.“MEI Lanfang’s performing art system”carries the great opera tradition and is the representative of“Chinese opera system”.